Essentials of Nursing Practice Exam 1
Critical Thinking - ANSWER...-Specific Knowledge + Expertise and Experience
What is the purpose of the nursing process? - ANSWER...-Purpose is to diagnose and
treat human responses to actual or potential health problems
Discuss critical thinking skills used in nursing practice. - ANSWER...-Connect
knowledge and theory with day to day practice and reflect on and analyze thoughts,
action and knowledge
What are the steps of the nursing process? - ANSWER...-Assessment, Diagnose, Plan,
Implement, Evaluate
Assessment - ANSWER...-Organized and ongoing appraisal of a patient's well-being.
Comprehensive assessment leads to accurate nursing diagnosis
Diagnosis - ANSWER...-Identifies the actual problem. Differentiates into 2 part and 3
part system.
Planning - ANSWER...-the nurse prioritizes a patient's various nursing diagnoses,
establishes short- and long-term goals, chooses outcome indicators, and identifies
interventions to address patient goals.
Implementation - ANSWER...-focuses on initiation of appropriate interventions designed
to meet the unique needs of each patient
Evaluate - ANSWER...-focuses on the patient and the patient's response to nursing
interventions and goal or outcome attainment.
Difference between nursing diagnosis and medical diagnosis - ANSWER...-Medical
Diagnosis: Identify and label medical illnesses. Can be Physical or Psychological.
Nursing Diagnosis: Broader in focus-Consider patient's response to medical diagnoses
to life situations-Make clinical judgments based on medical diagnoses and conditions.
Infection - ANSWER...-the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms; results in disease.
Colonization - ANSWER...-presence and growth of microorganisms within a host
without tissue invasion or damage.
, Health Care Associated Infections - ANSWER...-Patients at greater risk for health care-
associated infections (HAIs)
Multiple illnesses
•Older adults
•Poorly nourished
•Compromised immune system
Iatrogenic (HAIs) - ANSWER...-Infection stems from a procedure
Exogenous (HAIs) - ANSWER...-from microorganisms outside the individual
Endogenous (HAIs) - ANSWER...-when the patient's flora becomes altered and
overgrowth occurs
Contact (mode of transmission) - ANSWER...-junction of body surfaces with other
bodies or objects
Direct: Contact with infected person
Indirect: Contact with contaminated object
Airborne (mode of transmission) - ANSWER...-microorganisms dispersed by air, then
inhaled or deposited. Examples of illnesses transmitted through the air include
tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox
Droplet (mode of transmission) - ANSWER...-mucous membranes of resp tract are
exposed to secretions of infected person. Droplets cannot remain suspended in the air
for long periods and seldom travel more than 3 feet from the source.
Examples of illnesses transmitted by droplets are influenza and respiratory syncytial
virus infection
Vector borne - ANSWER...-carry the pathogens from one host to another. Vectors often
are invertebrate animals such as ticks, but they can also be vertebrate animals such as
raccoons, which can transmit rabies by biting.
A microorganism is considered resistant if replication cannot be stopped by _______
____ ______ antibiotics sequentially or simultaneously. - ANSWER...-two or more
Hand Hygiene - ANSWER...-Hands visibly soiled--- soap and water
Rub vigoursly with soap for at least 15-30 seconds
Hands not visibly soiled --- alcohol based rub
Rub until alcohol is dry
Contact Precautions - ANSWER...-Private Room, Handwashing, gown, gloves
Airborne Precautions - ANSWER...-Private room with negative airflow, handwashing,
N95 respirator
Critical Thinking - ANSWER...-Specific Knowledge + Expertise and Experience
What is the purpose of the nursing process? - ANSWER...-Purpose is to diagnose and
treat human responses to actual or potential health problems
Discuss critical thinking skills used in nursing practice. - ANSWER...-Connect
knowledge and theory with day to day practice and reflect on and analyze thoughts,
action and knowledge
What are the steps of the nursing process? - ANSWER...-Assessment, Diagnose, Plan,
Implement, Evaluate
Assessment - ANSWER...-Organized and ongoing appraisal of a patient's well-being.
Comprehensive assessment leads to accurate nursing diagnosis
Diagnosis - ANSWER...-Identifies the actual problem. Differentiates into 2 part and 3
part system.
Planning - ANSWER...-the nurse prioritizes a patient's various nursing diagnoses,
establishes short- and long-term goals, chooses outcome indicators, and identifies
interventions to address patient goals.
Implementation - ANSWER...-focuses on initiation of appropriate interventions designed
to meet the unique needs of each patient
Evaluate - ANSWER...-focuses on the patient and the patient's response to nursing
interventions and goal or outcome attainment.
Difference between nursing diagnosis and medical diagnosis - ANSWER...-Medical
Diagnosis: Identify and label medical illnesses. Can be Physical or Psychological.
Nursing Diagnosis: Broader in focus-Consider patient's response to medical diagnoses
to life situations-Make clinical judgments based on medical diagnoses and conditions.
Infection - ANSWER...-the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms; results in disease.
Colonization - ANSWER...-presence and growth of microorganisms within a host
without tissue invasion or damage.
, Health Care Associated Infections - ANSWER...-Patients at greater risk for health care-
associated infections (HAIs)
Multiple illnesses
•Older adults
•Poorly nourished
•Compromised immune system
Iatrogenic (HAIs) - ANSWER...-Infection stems from a procedure
Exogenous (HAIs) - ANSWER...-from microorganisms outside the individual
Endogenous (HAIs) - ANSWER...-when the patient's flora becomes altered and
overgrowth occurs
Contact (mode of transmission) - ANSWER...-junction of body surfaces with other
bodies or objects
Direct: Contact with infected person
Indirect: Contact with contaminated object
Airborne (mode of transmission) - ANSWER...-microorganisms dispersed by air, then
inhaled or deposited. Examples of illnesses transmitted through the air include
tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox
Droplet (mode of transmission) - ANSWER...-mucous membranes of resp tract are
exposed to secretions of infected person. Droplets cannot remain suspended in the air
for long periods and seldom travel more than 3 feet from the source.
Examples of illnesses transmitted by droplets are influenza and respiratory syncytial
virus infection
Vector borne - ANSWER...-carry the pathogens from one host to another. Vectors often
are invertebrate animals such as ticks, but they can also be vertebrate animals such as
raccoons, which can transmit rabies by biting.
A microorganism is considered resistant if replication cannot be stopped by _______
____ ______ antibiotics sequentially or simultaneously. - ANSWER...-two or more
Hand Hygiene - ANSWER...-Hands visibly soiled--- soap and water
Rub vigoursly with soap for at least 15-30 seconds
Hands not visibly soiled --- alcohol based rub
Rub until alcohol is dry
Contact Precautions - ANSWER...-Private Room, Handwashing, gown, gloves
Airborne Precautions - ANSWER...-Private room with negative airflow, handwashing,
N95 respirator
