CMSRN COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Cirrhosis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. Lipids
stored in body cells instead.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, drowsiness, weight loss. History of
Hep C.
Diagnosis:
Treatment: Antivirals (with Hep C), diuretics, beta-blockers (if
cardiac affect), Zinc supplement, liver transplant.
◉ Foreign Bodies (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Accidents. 2cm or bigger can cause blockage.
Children, patients with dentures, and psych patients at risk.
Symptoms: Depends on location.
Diagnosis: Ultrasound (faster if d/t sharp object), or X-ray.
Treatment: Pro-motility medications if safe to pass, or
laparoscopic surgery if large/sharp/dangerous.
◉ GI Obstruction (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Body tissues causing blockage.
Symptoms: Pain, constipation, N/V/D.
Diagnosis: Endoscopy, X-ray.
,Treatment: Antibiotics, colectomy, bowel rest, surgery if
hemorrhage.
◉ Gastroenteritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Norovirus, bacteria, foreign bodies
Symptoms: N/V/D, tachycardia, weight loss.
Diagnosis: Symptomatic
Treatment: Fluid replacement, antibiotics, antidiarrheals (for fluid
loss)
◉ Crohn's Disease (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: IBD in small intestine, varies severity.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, bloody stool, low
appetite, weight loss.
Diagnosis: CBC (rule out infection, check anemia), fecal blood test,
colonoscopy (check damage, find granulomas, inflammatory cells
that trigger symptoms)
Treatment: anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, oral 5-
aminosalicylates. No cure.
◉ Ulcerative Colitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Inflammation, ulcers, sores in GI tract, large
intestine, rectum.
Symptoms: Diarrhea, with blood or pus, abdominal pain, rectal
bleeding, urgency to defacate
, Diagnosis: proctosigmoiditis causes inflamed rectum and sigmoid
colon with bloody diarrhea, left-sided colitis from sigmoid and
descending colon, and pancolitis in entire colon. Colonoscopy to
confirm.
Treatment: antibiotics, corticosteroids (reduce recurring flare-
ups). No cure.
◉ Cholecystitis (Cause/Risks/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: inflammation of gallbladder from cystic duct
blockage by gallstones.
Risks: elderly, women, overweight, weight loss.
Symptoms: RUQ pain, N/V, jaundice, fever, tender gallbladder,
gangrene if untreated.
Diagnosis: LFT, RUQ ultrasound (best for women to rule out
pregnancy).
Treatment: antibiotics, cholecystectomy, treat asap.
◉ Gastritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: inflammation stomach lining, corticosteroid or
NSAID use, excessive alcohol use.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea/vomitting.
Diagnosis: symptomatic.
Treatment: antibiotics, antacids, antidiarrheals if needed.
◉ Appendicitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Cirrhosis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. Lipids
stored in body cells instead.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, drowsiness, weight loss. History of
Hep C.
Diagnosis:
Treatment: Antivirals (with Hep C), diuretics, beta-blockers (if
cardiac affect), Zinc supplement, liver transplant.
◉ Foreign Bodies (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Accidents. 2cm or bigger can cause blockage.
Children, patients with dentures, and psych patients at risk.
Symptoms: Depends on location.
Diagnosis: Ultrasound (faster if d/t sharp object), or X-ray.
Treatment: Pro-motility medications if safe to pass, or
laparoscopic surgery if large/sharp/dangerous.
◉ GI Obstruction (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Body tissues causing blockage.
Symptoms: Pain, constipation, N/V/D.
Diagnosis: Endoscopy, X-ray.
,Treatment: Antibiotics, colectomy, bowel rest, surgery if
hemorrhage.
◉ Gastroenteritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Norovirus, bacteria, foreign bodies
Symptoms: N/V/D, tachycardia, weight loss.
Diagnosis: Symptomatic
Treatment: Fluid replacement, antibiotics, antidiarrheals (for fluid
loss)
◉ Crohn's Disease (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: IBD in small intestine, varies severity.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, bloody stool, low
appetite, weight loss.
Diagnosis: CBC (rule out infection, check anemia), fecal blood test,
colonoscopy (check damage, find granulomas, inflammatory cells
that trigger symptoms)
Treatment: anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, oral 5-
aminosalicylates. No cure.
◉ Ulcerative Colitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: Inflammation, ulcers, sores in GI tract, large
intestine, rectum.
Symptoms: Diarrhea, with blood or pus, abdominal pain, rectal
bleeding, urgency to defacate
, Diagnosis: proctosigmoiditis causes inflamed rectum and sigmoid
colon with bloody diarrhea, left-sided colitis from sigmoid and
descending colon, and pancolitis in entire colon. Colonoscopy to
confirm.
Treatment: antibiotics, corticosteroids (reduce recurring flare-
ups). No cure.
◉ Cholecystitis (Cause/Risks/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: inflammation of gallbladder from cystic duct
blockage by gallstones.
Risks: elderly, women, overweight, weight loss.
Symptoms: RUQ pain, N/V, jaundice, fever, tender gallbladder,
gangrene if untreated.
Diagnosis: LFT, RUQ ultrasound (best for women to rule out
pregnancy).
Treatment: antibiotics, cholecystectomy, treat asap.
◉ Gastritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
Answer: Causes: inflammation stomach lining, corticosteroid or
NSAID use, excessive alcohol use.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea/vomitting.
Diagnosis: symptomatic.
Treatment: antibiotics, antacids, antidiarrheals if needed.
◉ Appendicitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment)
