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NU 185 Exam 4 NCLEX-Style Questions with Rationales: Medical-Surgical Nursing II – Diabetes, Liver Disorders, and Cellular Regulation

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This document contains a collection of NCLEX-style exam questions with accurate answers and rationales from Exam 4 of NU 185 at Galen College of Nursing, covering core Medical-Surgical Nursing II topics. It addresses diabetes mellitus including type 1 versus type 2 pathophysiology, diagnostic testing with fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and hemoglobin A1c, and pharmacological management including insulin administration, metformin, sulfonylureas, and medication safety. The document also covers diabetic emergencies including hypoglycemia management with the 15/15 rule and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, along with diabetic complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Additional topics include liver disorders including cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, esophageal varices, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with corresponding diagnostics, medications, and nursing interventions, and cellular regulation including risk factors for impaired cellular regulation and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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September 20, 2026
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