Praxis 5302 Reading
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,Phonological Awareness Definition: The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds at the word,
syllable, or phoneme level.
Instructional approaches:
- Rhyming activities, alliteration, breaking words into syllables, dividing
syllables into onset and rimes, blending and segmenting phonemes.
Phonemic awareness Part of phonological awareness.
The ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Most advanced
phonological awareness skills and is usually developed after others.
Instructional approaches:
- phoneme characterization, blending, segmenting, phoneme deletion,
phoneme substitution. Elkonin boxes
Concepts of print Awareness of how books, print, and written language function.
Instructional approaches: -Understanding that print contains meaning.
- Read left to right, top to bottom
- Parts of the book -letters, words, sentences, pages
- Mechanics of print: spaces between words, sentences start with capital letters
and end with periods
- Book handling
- What is a word
Alphabetic Principle The understanding that letters/letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken
language.
Instruction:
- Teach letter-sound relationships explicitly
- Opportunities to practice in context
- Add new ones and review learned ones frequently
-visual cues where picture is of common object starting with that letter.
-Tactile activities
-Bingo and similar games.
, Decoding Skills The ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly
pronounce written words. You are translating graphemes into phonemes.
*Foundational Skill which leads to increased proficiency in vocabulary,
comprehension, and writing.
Instruction:
- Explicit
- Repetition
- Phonic instruction
- Opportunities for application
- Manipulatives like sound boxes, magnetic letters, counters
Printed-Word Recognition Students can quickly and automatically translate the letters or spelling patterns
of written words into speech sounds so that they can identify words and access
their meanings.
Instruction:
- Sight words
- Opportunities for students to decode words and find their meanings
- Opportunities to practice
Reading Fluency The three components of fluency are automaticity (the ability to read words
quickly), rate (the speed at which text is read), and prosody (the ability to read
with natural expression, phrasing, and intonation)..
Instruction:
- Modeling fluent reading
- Rereading texts
- Partner reading, choral reading
- Periodic recording of rate and accuracy
-Reader's Theatre
Studies have shown that students grow twice as fast in reading fluency when
they first receive modeling of the reading of instructional text from a proficient
adult reader, then repeat the readings themselves.
Vocabulary Instructional approaches:
- Vocabulary in context
- Teach in depth
- Authentic opportunities to use vocab
- Interact with the words
-opportunity to apply knowledge of the new words they have been taught
-collaborative text-based discussion groups
Assessment:
-Critchlow Verbal Language Scales, Specific word assessments, monitoring,
difficulty in comprehension can indicate vocabulary difficultiesIn
Specialist | Study Guide,
Practice Questions &
Exam Prep
|Guaranteed success|
,Phonological Awareness Definition: The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds at the word,
syllable, or phoneme level.
Instructional approaches:
- Rhyming activities, alliteration, breaking words into syllables, dividing
syllables into onset and rimes, blending and segmenting phonemes.
Phonemic awareness Part of phonological awareness.
The ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Most advanced
phonological awareness skills and is usually developed after others.
Instructional approaches:
- phoneme characterization, blending, segmenting, phoneme deletion,
phoneme substitution. Elkonin boxes
Concepts of print Awareness of how books, print, and written language function.
Instructional approaches: -Understanding that print contains meaning.
- Read left to right, top to bottom
- Parts of the book -letters, words, sentences, pages
- Mechanics of print: spaces between words, sentences start with capital letters
and end with periods
- Book handling
- What is a word
Alphabetic Principle The understanding that letters/letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken
language.
Instruction:
- Teach letter-sound relationships explicitly
- Opportunities to practice in context
- Add new ones and review learned ones frequently
-visual cues where picture is of common object starting with that letter.
-Tactile activities
-Bingo and similar games.
, Decoding Skills The ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly
pronounce written words. You are translating graphemes into phonemes.
*Foundational Skill which leads to increased proficiency in vocabulary,
comprehension, and writing.
Instruction:
- Explicit
- Repetition
- Phonic instruction
- Opportunities for application
- Manipulatives like sound boxes, magnetic letters, counters
Printed-Word Recognition Students can quickly and automatically translate the letters or spelling patterns
of written words into speech sounds so that they can identify words and access
their meanings.
Instruction:
- Sight words
- Opportunities for students to decode words and find their meanings
- Opportunities to practice
Reading Fluency The three components of fluency are automaticity (the ability to read words
quickly), rate (the speed at which text is read), and prosody (the ability to read
with natural expression, phrasing, and intonation)..
Instruction:
- Modeling fluent reading
- Rereading texts
- Partner reading, choral reading
- Periodic recording of rate and accuracy
-Reader's Theatre
Studies have shown that students grow twice as fast in reading fluency when
they first receive modeling of the reading of instructional text from a proficient
adult reader, then repeat the readings themselves.
Vocabulary Instructional approaches:
- Vocabulary in context
- Teach in depth
- Authentic opportunities to use vocab
- Interact with the words
-opportunity to apply knowledge of the new words they have been taught
-collaborative text-based discussion groups
Assessment:
-Critchlow Verbal Language Scales, Specific word assessments, monitoring,
difficulty in comprehension can indicate vocabulary difficultiesIn
