NUR 254 EXAM 4 REVIEW (Hematology and
Oncology) exam with question and answer
100% correct
Anemia The most common hematologic disorder of childhood
Anemia Decrease in number of RBCs and/or hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration below normal
Anemia Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Consequences of Anemia Decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and decreased amount of oxygen
available to tissues
Consequences of Anemia When develops slowly, child adapts
Consequences of Anemia Diagnostic evaluation: Sometimes defined as a Hgb <10 or 11 g/dl; however, this
cutoff may be inappropriate for children
Newborn Anemia 14 to 24 g/dl
Infant Anemia 10 to 15 g/dl
Child Anemia 11 to 16 g/dl
Anemia Pallor, paleness of mucous membranes, Tiredness, fatigue, Tachycardia, Cool skin
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Hemodilution
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Decreased peripheral resistance
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Increased cardiac circulation and turbulence
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Cyanosis
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Growth retardation
System
Increased cardiac circulation and May lead to cardiac failure
turbulence
Increased cardiac circulation and May have murmur
turbulence
Anemia Treat underlying cause: Transfusion after hemorrhage if needed
Anemia Treat underlying cause: Nutritional intervention for deficiency anemias
, Anemia Supportive care: Intravenous (IV) fluids to replace
intravascular volume, Oxygen, and Bed rest
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Prepare child and family for
laboratory tests
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Decrease oxygen demands
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Prevent complications
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Support family
Iron Deficiency Anemia Caused by inadequate supply of dietary iron
Iron Deficiency Anemia Iron-fortified cereals and formulas for infants
Iron Deficiency Anemia Special needs of premature infants
Iron Deficiency Anemia Adolescents at risk because of rapid growth and poor eating
habits
Iron Deficiency Anemia Therapeutic management: Increase the amount of iron the
child receives
Iron Deficiency Anemia Nursing care management: Diet and Iron supplementation
Sickle Cell Anemia A hereditary hemoglobinopathy
Sickle Cell Anemia Occurs primarily in African-Americans
Sickle Cell Anemia Occurrence 1 in 375 infants born in United States
Sickle Cell Anemia 1 in 12 have sickle cell trait
Sickle Cell Anemia Occasionally also in people of Mediterranean descent
Sickle Cell Anemia Also seen in South American, Arabian, and East
Indian descent
Sickle Cell Anemia In areas of world where malaria is common, individuals tend
to have survival advantage over those without trait
Sickle Cell Anemia Autosomal recessive disorder
Sickle Cell Anemia 9% of African-Americans are carriers
Sickle Cell Anemia 40% among native Africans are carriers
Oncology) exam with question and answer
100% correct
Anemia The most common hematologic disorder of childhood
Anemia Decrease in number of RBCs and/or hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration below normal
Anemia Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Consequences of Anemia Decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and decreased amount of oxygen
available to tissues
Consequences of Anemia When develops slowly, child adapts
Consequences of Anemia Diagnostic evaluation: Sometimes defined as a Hgb <10 or 11 g/dl; however, this
cutoff may be inappropriate for children
Newborn Anemia 14 to 24 g/dl
Infant Anemia 10 to 15 g/dl
Child Anemia 11 to 16 g/dl
Anemia Pallor, paleness of mucous membranes, Tiredness, fatigue, Tachycardia, Cool skin
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Hemodilution
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Decreased peripheral resistance
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Increased cardiac circulation and turbulence
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Cyanosis
System
Effects of Anemia on Circulatory Growth retardation
System
Increased cardiac circulation and May lead to cardiac failure
turbulence
Increased cardiac circulation and May have murmur
turbulence
Anemia Treat underlying cause: Transfusion after hemorrhage if needed
Anemia Treat underlying cause: Nutritional intervention for deficiency anemias
, Anemia Supportive care: Intravenous (IV) fluids to replace
intravascular volume, Oxygen, and Bed rest
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Prepare child and family for
laboratory tests
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Decrease oxygen demands
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Prevent complications
Anemia Nursing Care Management: Support family
Iron Deficiency Anemia Caused by inadequate supply of dietary iron
Iron Deficiency Anemia Iron-fortified cereals and formulas for infants
Iron Deficiency Anemia Special needs of premature infants
Iron Deficiency Anemia Adolescents at risk because of rapid growth and poor eating
habits
Iron Deficiency Anemia Therapeutic management: Increase the amount of iron the
child receives
Iron Deficiency Anemia Nursing care management: Diet and Iron supplementation
Sickle Cell Anemia A hereditary hemoglobinopathy
Sickle Cell Anemia Occurs primarily in African-Americans
Sickle Cell Anemia Occurrence 1 in 375 infants born in United States
Sickle Cell Anemia 1 in 12 have sickle cell trait
Sickle Cell Anemia Occasionally also in people of Mediterranean descent
Sickle Cell Anemia Also seen in South American, Arabian, and East
Indian descent
Sickle Cell Anemia In areas of world where malaria is common, individuals tend
to have survival advantage over those without trait
Sickle Cell Anemia Autosomal recessive disorder
Sickle Cell Anemia 9% of African-Americans are carriers
Sickle Cell Anemia 40% among native Africans are carriers
