Ecpi University NUR 221
Med-Surg 1 Final Exam with question and answer 100%
correct
Where is the best place to begin to select a Right Forearm
vein for an initial intravenous (IV) site in a
left-handed patient? RATIONALE: Unless other reasons are identified, IV sites
should be started in the most distal portion of the
Right forearm nondominant arm or hand.
Antecubital vein of the left arm
Left forearm
Antecubital vein of the right arm
,A nurse assesses an area where an Inflammation and possible phlebitis
intravenous (IV) line had been recently
removed. The area has redness, swelling, RATIONALE: IV sites may show signs of inflammation or
and warmth. What should the nurse suspect infection or both after an IV line has been
removed.
as the cause?
Blood loss and hemorrhage
Embolus from the former catheter
Inflammation and possible phlebitis
Infiltration and air embolus
The K+ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 Irregular
heartbeat mEq/L. What is the most important
assessment for the nurse to make? RATIONALE: Arrhythmias can be triggered by hyperkalemia.
Excessive thirst
Frightening hallucinations
Irregular heartbeat
Swelling of ankles
A small child is hospitalized with severe Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic
status metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole
bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours RATIONALE: The baby aspirin was ingested too
long ago to earlier. In addition to providing reassurance have vomiting or stomach aspiration be of
any use. The child to the patient, which nursing action is the requires frequent assessment of
neurologic function because most appropriate? the child may need mechanical ventilation.
Inducing vomiting
Frequently assessing the mental and
neurologic status
Taking daily weights and vital signs
When the water absorption in the renal More concentrated urine
tubules becomes greater than normal, what
assessment finding should a nurse RATIONALE: When more water is kept back in the body, the
anticipate? water left to form urine is less; therefore, the urine is more
concentrated.
Less concentrated
urine More
concentrated urine Less
alkaline urine
More alkaline urine
A patient has renal damage because of Hyperkalemia
diabetes. What is the highest risk for this
patient? RATIONALE: When the renal system cannot rid the body of
enough K+, this electrolyte builds up and a condition
called
Hypokalemia hyperkalemia
develops. Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemi
a
, A nurse understands that fluid balance is Circulatory and renal
mainly monitored in the body by which two
systems? RATIONALE: The monitoring of basic fluid balance in the body
is performed by the renal and circulatory systems.
Respiratory and circulatory
Renal and gastrointestinal
Circulatory and renal
Hepatic and lymphatic
What is usually associated with Metabolic
acidosis hyperchloremia?
RATIONALE: Chlorides bind with positively charged ions such
Respiratory acidosis as K+ in the patient with metabolic acidosis.
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic
acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Each compartment of the body has a water-
Osmosis fluid distribution movement of its own.
What
is the process allowing these fluids to move RATIONALE: The intracellular and extracellular
compartments and distribute themselves among contain water and dissolved substances. The water
filters back compartments? and forth as needed to maintain homeostasis via osmolarity.
Active transport
Osmosis
Filtration
Diffusion
Which order should be clarified by a nurse Potassium chloride, 40 mEq IV in 10 mL D5W IV push
when transcribing orders?
RATIONALE: Potassium chloride is never given by intravenous
Potassium chloride, 80 mEq in 1000 mL D5W push in such a small amount of diluent. Potassium
chloride is in 24 hours always dissolved in D5W and should be infused at no
more Potassium chloride, 40 mEq IV in 10 mL D5W than 10 mEq/hr.
IV push
Potassium chloride, 80 mEq in 1000 mL
D5W in 12 hours
Potassium chloride, 50 mEq in 500 mL D5W
in 4 hours
What is the source of calories in IV Dextrose
solutions?
RATIONALE: Dextrose is sugar and the source of calories.
Dextrose
Water
Vitamins
Electrolytes
Med-Surg 1 Final Exam with question and answer 100%
correct
Where is the best place to begin to select a Right Forearm
vein for an initial intravenous (IV) site in a
left-handed patient? RATIONALE: Unless other reasons are identified, IV sites
should be started in the most distal portion of the
Right forearm nondominant arm or hand.
Antecubital vein of the left arm
Left forearm
Antecubital vein of the right arm
,A nurse assesses an area where an Inflammation and possible phlebitis
intravenous (IV) line had been recently
removed. The area has redness, swelling, RATIONALE: IV sites may show signs of inflammation or
and warmth. What should the nurse suspect infection or both after an IV line has been
removed.
as the cause?
Blood loss and hemorrhage
Embolus from the former catheter
Inflammation and possible phlebitis
Infiltration and air embolus
The K+ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 Irregular
heartbeat mEq/L. What is the most important
assessment for the nurse to make? RATIONALE: Arrhythmias can be triggered by hyperkalemia.
Excessive thirst
Frightening hallucinations
Irregular heartbeat
Swelling of ankles
A small child is hospitalized with severe Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic
status metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole
bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours RATIONALE: The baby aspirin was ingested too
long ago to earlier. In addition to providing reassurance have vomiting or stomach aspiration be of
any use. The child to the patient, which nursing action is the requires frequent assessment of
neurologic function because most appropriate? the child may need mechanical ventilation.
Inducing vomiting
Frequently assessing the mental and
neurologic status
Taking daily weights and vital signs
When the water absorption in the renal More concentrated urine
tubules becomes greater than normal, what
assessment finding should a nurse RATIONALE: When more water is kept back in the body, the
anticipate? water left to form urine is less; therefore, the urine is more
concentrated.
Less concentrated
urine More
concentrated urine Less
alkaline urine
More alkaline urine
A patient has renal damage because of Hyperkalemia
diabetes. What is the highest risk for this
patient? RATIONALE: When the renal system cannot rid the body of
enough K+, this electrolyte builds up and a condition
called
Hypokalemia hyperkalemia
develops. Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemi
a
, A nurse understands that fluid balance is Circulatory and renal
mainly monitored in the body by which two
systems? RATIONALE: The monitoring of basic fluid balance in the body
is performed by the renal and circulatory systems.
Respiratory and circulatory
Renal and gastrointestinal
Circulatory and renal
Hepatic and lymphatic
What is usually associated with Metabolic
acidosis hyperchloremia?
RATIONALE: Chlorides bind with positively charged ions such
Respiratory acidosis as K+ in the patient with metabolic acidosis.
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic
acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Each compartment of the body has a water-
Osmosis fluid distribution movement of its own.
What
is the process allowing these fluids to move RATIONALE: The intracellular and extracellular
compartments and distribute themselves among contain water and dissolved substances. The water
filters back compartments? and forth as needed to maintain homeostasis via osmolarity.
Active transport
Osmosis
Filtration
Diffusion
Which order should be clarified by a nurse Potassium chloride, 40 mEq IV in 10 mL D5W IV push
when transcribing orders?
RATIONALE: Potassium chloride is never given by intravenous
Potassium chloride, 80 mEq in 1000 mL D5W push in such a small amount of diluent. Potassium
chloride is in 24 hours always dissolved in D5W and should be infused at no
more Potassium chloride, 40 mEq IV in 10 mL D5W than 10 mEq/hr.
IV push
Potassium chloride, 80 mEq in 1000 mL
D5W in 12 hours
Potassium chloride, 50 mEq in 500 mL D5W
in 4 hours
What is the source of calories in IV Dextrose
solutions?
RATIONALE: Dextrose is sugar and the source of calories.
Dextrose
Water
Vitamins
Electrolytes
