Galen NSG 3600 Exam 2 | Nursing Practice: Children's
Health (2026) Actual Q&A PDF
1. A nurse is teaching a prenatal class on fetal growth and development. In which
gestational week does the nurse inform the parents that the heart begins to beat?
A) Second week
B) Third week
C) Fourth week
D) Sixth week
Correct Answer: Fourth week
Rationale: The fetal heart begins to beat during the fourth gestational week,
marking a critical milestone in cardiovascular development.
2. A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about placental development and functions.
Which information about the placenta is best?
A) It cushions the fetus and protects it against mechanical injury
B) It is the site of hematopoiesis during the first two gestational weeks
C) It produces Wharton's jelly that surrounds the umbilical blood vessels
D) It provides oxygenation, nutrition, hormones, and waste removal
Correct Answer: It provides oxygenation, nutrition, hormones, and waste removal
Rationale: The placenta serves as the fetal lung, gut, and kidney, providing
oxygenation, nutrition, hormone production, and waste removal throughout
gestation.
,3. A nursing faculty member is teaching about fetal circulation. Most blood bypasses
the liver and enters the inferior vena cava through which structure?
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Ductus venosus
C) Foramen ovale
D) Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: Ductus venosus
Rationale: The ductus venosus allows oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to
bypass the fetal liver and enter the inferior vena cava directly.
4. Which heart valve prevents regurgitation of blood from the pulmonary artery back
into the right ventricle?
A) Aortic valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: Pulmonary valve
Rationale: The pulmonary valve is a semilunar valve located between the right
ventricle and pulmonary artery, preventing backflow of blood into the right ventricle.
5. A nurse suspects an infant is experiencing advanced heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation did the nurse assess to reach this conclusion?
A) Enlarged liver
,B) Feeding problems
C) Poor growth
D) Excessive sweating
Correct Answer: Enlarged liver
Rationale: Hepatomegaly is a sign of advanced heart failure in infants due to
systemic venous congestion. Feeding problems, poor growth, and excessive sweating
are earlier, less specific signs.
6. Which hormone is partly responsible for ensuring that the ductus arteriosus closes
normally after birth?
A) Estrogen
B) Human growth hormone
C) Progestin
D) Prostaglandin
Correct Answer: Prostaglandin
Rationale: Prostaglandins maintain ductus arteriosus patency in utero; a decrease
after birth, combined with increased oxygen tension, promotes closure.
7. A child with aortic stenosis is at risk for which complication?
A) Aortic aneurysm
B) Left ventricular failure
C) Right ventricular atrophy
D) Tricuspid regurgitation
, Correct Answer: Left ventricular failure
Rationale: Aortic stenosis increases left ventricular workload, risking left ventricular
failure with symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue. Aneurysms are rare in children,
and right ventricular atrophy and tricuspid regurgitation affect the right heart.
8. What characterizes restrictive cardiomyopathy in children?
A) Caused by toxic agents
B) Least common form
C) Most common form
D) Always resolves spontaneously
Correct Answer: Least common form
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy, with rigid ventricular walls, is the least
common form in children. Toxic agents cause dilated cardiomyopathy, and it does
not resolve spontaneously.
9. What are clinical signs of congenital heart defects in infants?
A) Normal feeding and weight gain
B) Cyanosis, tachycardia, poor weight gain
C) Hypertension and bradycardia
D) Increased urine output
Correct Answer: Cyanosis, tachycardia, poor weight gain
Health (2026) Actual Q&A PDF
1. A nurse is teaching a prenatal class on fetal growth and development. In which
gestational week does the nurse inform the parents that the heart begins to beat?
A) Second week
B) Third week
C) Fourth week
D) Sixth week
Correct Answer: Fourth week
Rationale: The fetal heart begins to beat during the fourth gestational week,
marking a critical milestone in cardiovascular development.
2. A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about placental development and functions.
Which information about the placenta is best?
A) It cushions the fetus and protects it against mechanical injury
B) It is the site of hematopoiesis during the first two gestational weeks
C) It produces Wharton's jelly that surrounds the umbilical blood vessels
D) It provides oxygenation, nutrition, hormones, and waste removal
Correct Answer: It provides oxygenation, nutrition, hormones, and waste removal
Rationale: The placenta serves as the fetal lung, gut, and kidney, providing
oxygenation, nutrition, hormone production, and waste removal throughout
gestation.
,3. A nursing faculty member is teaching about fetal circulation. Most blood bypasses
the liver and enters the inferior vena cava through which structure?
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Ductus venosus
C) Foramen ovale
D) Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: Ductus venosus
Rationale: The ductus venosus allows oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to
bypass the fetal liver and enter the inferior vena cava directly.
4. Which heart valve prevents regurgitation of blood from the pulmonary artery back
into the right ventricle?
A) Aortic valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: Pulmonary valve
Rationale: The pulmonary valve is a semilunar valve located between the right
ventricle and pulmonary artery, preventing backflow of blood into the right ventricle.
5. A nurse suspects an infant is experiencing advanced heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation did the nurse assess to reach this conclusion?
A) Enlarged liver
,B) Feeding problems
C) Poor growth
D) Excessive sweating
Correct Answer: Enlarged liver
Rationale: Hepatomegaly is a sign of advanced heart failure in infants due to
systemic venous congestion. Feeding problems, poor growth, and excessive sweating
are earlier, less specific signs.
6. Which hormone is partly responsible for ensuring that the ductus arteriosus closes
normally after birth?
A) Estrogen
B) Human growth hormone
C) Progestin
D) Prostaglandin
Correct Answer: Prostaglandin
Rationale: Prostaglandins maintain ductus arteriosus patency in utero; a decrease
after birth, combined with increased oxygen tension, promotes closure.
7. A child with aortic stenosis is at risk for which complication?
A) Aortic aneurysm
B) Left ventricular failure
C) Right ventricular atrophy
D) Tricuspid regurgitation
, Correct Answer: Left ventricular failure
Rationale: Aortic stenosis increases left ventricular workload, risking left ventricular
failure with symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue. Aneurysms are rare in children,
and right ventricular atrophy and tricuspid regurgitation affect the right heart.
8. What characterizes restrictive cardiomyopathy in children?
A) Caused by toxic agents
B) Least common form
C) Most common form
D) Always resolves spontaneously
Correct Answer: Least common form
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy, with rigid ventricular walls, is the least
common form in children. Toxic agents cause dilated cardiomyopathy, and it does
not resolve spontaneously.
9. What are clinical signs of congenital heart defects in infants?
A) Normal feeding and weight gain
B) Cyanosis, tachycardia, poor weight gain
C) Hypertension and bradycardia
D) Increased urine output
Correct Answer: Cyanosis, tachycardia, poor weight gain
