NR 226 FUNDAMENTALS EXAM GRADED A+
1. What are the main causes of electrolytes imbalances?:
Changes in diet GI malfunction
Renal
problems
Medications
Procedures rmal blood
Disease
process
2. What is considered an isotonic solution?: Fluid with the same tonicity
3. What is considered a hypotonic solution?: More dilute than blood
--cell swells
4. What is considered a hypertonic solution?: More concentrated than
mal blood
--cell shrinks
5. Extracellular fluid volume deficit: Body Fluids Have Decreased Volume but
Normal Osmolality
-decreased intake of H20 and salt
,-Increased GI output
-Increased renal output
-Loss of blood or plasma
-Massive sweating without water and salt intake
6. Extracellular fluid volume excess: Body Fluids Have Increased Volume but
Normal Osmolality
-Excessive administration of Na+ containing isotonic IV fluids or oral intake of salty foods and
water
-Renal retention of Na+
7. Signs of mild Extracellular fluid volume excess: Swollen ankles and fingers
(rings feel tight) and a gain of 2lbs or more
8. Bananas are rich in what type of electrolyte: Potassium
9. Foods high in potassium K+: Fruits, potatoes, instant cottee, molasses, brazil
nuts,
10. True or false: Cancer can cause major electrolyte imbalances: True
11. Calcium-rich foods include: dairy products, lentils, fish w/ fine bones, broccoli,
oranges, dried fruits, nuts, chocolate, cocoa, Ovaltine
12. Best absorption of calcium rich fluids happens with: Vitamin D
13. Undigested fat can prevent and from absorption: Calcium and
Magnesium
, 14. Magnesium-rich foods include:dark green leafy vegetables, whole grains,
magnesium-contain-ing laxatives and antacids
15. Phosphate-rich foods include: milk, processed food
16. What can prevent phosphate absorption?: Aluminum antacids
17. Hypernatremia: Abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood
-water deficit
18. What types of patients should you monitor for hypernatremia?:
Diabetes in-sipidus
Osmotic diuresis
-Large amount of perspiration and respiratory water output
-Tube feedings, hypertonic parenteral fluids, or salt tablets
-Dysfunction of osmoreceptor driven thirst drive
19. Causes of hypernatremia: Excessive / rapid IV administration of normal saline,
inadequate water intake and kidney disease
20. Normal range for sodium: 135-145 mEq/L
21. Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia: Confusion, dry mucous membranes,
seizures flat neck veins, dry skin, intense thirst, dark urine, skin tenting
22. True or false: a patient with hypernatermia will show very similar
signs of dehydration: True
23. What blood work is done to look at sodium?: Chem 7, cmp
24. Confusion is present in both hypo and hyper : Hyponatermia
and hypernatremia
25. Treatment for hypernatremia: Weigh patient daily, monitor I/O, check vital signs,
check skin turgor, place patient on sodium restricted diet
26. Clinical dehydration: ECV deficit and hypernatremia combined
27. What IV drugs do you want to administer for a patient experiencing
1. What are the main causes of electrolytes imbalances?:
Changes in diet GI malfunction
Renal
problems
Medications
Procedures rmal blood
Disease
process
2. What is considered an isotonic solution?: Fluid with the same tonicity
3. What is considered a hypotonic solution?: More dilute than blood
--cell swells
4. What is considered a hypertonic solution?: More concentrated than
mal blood
--cell shrinks
5. Extracellular fluid volume deficit: Body Fluids Have Decreased Volume but
Normal Osmolality
-decreased intake of H20 and salt
,-Increased GI output
-Increased renal output
-Loss of blood or plasma
-Massive sweating without water and salt intake
6. Extracellular fluid volume excess: Body Fluids Have Increased Volume but
Normal Osmolality
-Excessive administration of Na+ containing isotonic IV fluids or oral intake of salty foods and
water
-Renal retention of Na+
7. Signs of mild Extracellular fluid volume excess: Swollen ankles and fingers
(rings feel tight) and a gain of 2lbs or more
8. Bananas are rich in what type of electrolyte: Potassium
9. Foods high in potassium K+: Fruits, potatoes, instant cottee, molasses, brazil
nuts,
10. True or false: Cancer can cause major electrolyte imbalances: True
11. Calcium-rich foods include: dairy products, lentils, fish w/ fine bones, broccoli,
oranges, dried fruits, nuts, chocolate, cocoa, Ovaltine
12. Best absorption of calcium rich fluids happens with: Vitamin D
13. Undigested fat can prevent and from absorption: Calcium and
Magnesium
, 14. Magnesium-rich foods include:dark green leafy vegetables, whole grains,
magnesium-contain-ing laxatives and antacids
15. Phosphate-rich foods include: milk, processed food
16. What can prevent phosphate absorption?: Aluminum antacids
17. Hypernatremia: Abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood
-water deficit
18. What types of patients should you monitor for hypernatremia?:
Diabetes in-sipidus
Osmotic diuresis
-Large amount of perspiration and respiratory water output
-Tube feedings, hypertonic parenteral fluids, or salt tablets
-Dysfunction of osmoreceptor driven thirst drive
19. Causes of hypernatremia: Excessive / rapid IV administration of normal saline,
inadequate water intake and kidney disease
20. Normal range for sodium: 135-145 mEq/L
21. Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia: Confusion, dry mucous membranes,
seizures flat neck veins, dry skin, intense thirst, dark urine, skin tenting
22. True or false: a patient with hypernatermia will show very similar
signs of dehydration: True
23. What blood work is done to look at sodium?: Chem 7, cmp
24. Confusion is present in both hypo and hyper : Hyponatermia
and hypernatremia
25. Treatment for hypernatremia: Weigh patient daily, monitor I/O, check vital signs,
check skin turgor, place patient on sodium restricted diet
26. Clinical dehydration: ECV deficit and hypernatremia combined
27. What IV drugs do you want to administer for a patient experiencing
