Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition by Tkacs Complete Questions and Answers Study Guide for Nursing and Advanced Practice Students Preparing for Clinical Physiology Disease Processes Patient A

Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1s Edition Tkacs Tes Bank Y11 Y11 JY11 Y11 Y11 JY11




AdvancedPhysiology andPathophysiology Essentials forCli
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nical Practice 1s Edition Tkacs Tes Bank
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Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OFC LINICAL PRACTICE
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1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.

B) fatigue.

C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by m
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omentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
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A) bleeding.

B) congestion.
C) pale skin. J Y11




D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of l
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eukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great nu
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mbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils

,Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1s Edition Tkacs Tes Bank Y11 Y11 JY11 Y11 Y11 JY11




D) Platelets

4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
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1 step in the process?
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A) Engulfment

B) Intracellular killing J Y 1 1




C) Antigen margination JY 1 1




D) Recognition and adherence J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
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permeability and pain? JY1 1 JY11




A) Serotonin
B) Histamine

C) Bradykinin

D) Nitric oxide JY11




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the JY1 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous

C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute-
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phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of inflamma
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tion and includes:
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A) fever and lethargy. J Y1 1 JY 11




B) decreased C-reactive protein. J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




C) positive nitrogen balance. J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1

,Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1s Edition Tkacs Tes Bank Y11 Y11 JY11 Y11 Y11 JY11




8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
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1 which of the following phenomena? JY1 1 JY11 JY11 JY1 1




A) Profuse fibrinous exudation JY1 1 JY 11




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis J Y 1 1 JY 1 1 J Y 1 1




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages JY11 JY11 J Y 1 1




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- JY11 JY11




1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogenous p
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yrogens that: JY11




A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 J Y 1 1




B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. JY11 JY11 JY11




C) block viral replication in cells. JY 11 JY 1 1 J Y 1 1 JY1 1




D) inhibit prostaglandin release. J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
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to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
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in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occ
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ur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces JY1 1 JY11 J Y 1 1 JY 1 1 J Y 1 1




B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium JY11 JY 11 JY11 JY11 JY1 1




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris JY11 J Y1 1 JY11




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
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Clinical Practice 1s Edition Tkacs Tes Bank Y11 Y11 JY11 Y11 Y11 JY11




D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.
A) 35.9C (96.6F)

B) 38.0C (100.4F)
C) 35.5C (95.9F)
D) 37.3C (99.1F)


13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
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states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
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be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
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A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts JY11 JY 11 JY 1 1 JY1 1




B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 JY1 1 JY 1 1




C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles J Y 1 1 JY 1 1 J Y 1 1




D) Decreased urine production J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
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draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
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sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is mo
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st likely the primary cause of her request?
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A) Evaporation and conduction J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




B) Radiation and convection JY11 JY1 1




C) Conduction and convection J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




D) Convection and evaporation J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1




15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
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. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
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A) Acute inflammation JY11




B) Obesity