NURS 5315 EXAM 5 (UTA) QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT
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CORE DOMAINS
• Renal Anatomy and Physiology
• Glomerular Filtration and Regulation
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance in Renal Disorders
• Renal Calculi and Obstructive Disorders
• Glomerular Disorders
• Reproductive Pathophysiology
• Renal and Reproductive Pharmacology
• Clinical Decision-Making in Renal and Reproductive Care
Introduction
The NURS 5315 Exam 5 evaluates a graduate nursing student's understanding of renal
and reproductive pathophysiology. The exam assesses knowledge of glomerular filtration,
acute and chronic kidney disease, fluid and electrolyte regulation, glomerular disorders,
and reproductive system pathology. Candidates must demonstrate competency in
analyzing mechanisms of disease, interpreting clinical manifestations, and applying
pathophysiological principles to real-world patient scenarios. The multiple-choice format
includes knowledge-based and scenario-driven questions emphasizing critical thinking,
clinical decision-making, and advanced practice nursing application.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
,1. Which structure is responsible for the filtration of blood in the nephron?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
🟢 Correct answer: B. Glomerulus
🔴 RATIONALE: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs.
Its fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the filtration
barrier.
2. What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
A. Concentration of urine
B. Reabsorption of sodium, water, and glucose
C. Secretion of potassium
D. Filtration of blood
🟢 Correct answer: B. Reabsorption of sodium, water, and glucose
🔴 RATIONALE: The proximal tubule reabsorbs approximately 65-70% of filtered
sodium, water, and glucose, along with other solutes.
3. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Aldosterone
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Parathyroid hormone
🟢 Correct answer: B. Aldosterone
🔴 RATIONALE: Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in
the distal tubule and collecting duct.
,4. What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?
A. 50 mL/min
B. 90 mL/min
C. 125 mL/min
D. 200 mL/min
🟢 Correct answer: C. 125 mL/min
🔴 RATIONALE: Normal GFR is approximately 125 mL/min or 180 liters per day.
5. Which of the following is the most accurate measure of kidney function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Serum creatinine
C. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
D. Urine output
🟢 Correct answer: C. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
🔴 RATIONALE: GFR is the best overall index of kidney function, reflecting the total rate
of filtration by all functioning nephrons.
6. What is the primary cause of prerenal acute kidney injury?
A. Direct tubular damage
B. Decreased renal perfusion
C. Urinary tract obstruction
D. Glomerulonephritis
🟢 Correct answer: B. Decreased renal perfusion
🔴 RATIONALE: Prerenal AKI results from decreased blood flow to the kidneys, often
due to hypovolemia, heart failure, or sepsis.
7. Which condition is characterized by the destruction of tubular epithelial cells?
, A. Prerenal azotemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Postrenal obstruction
D. Nephrotic syndrome
🟢 Correct answer: B. Acute tubular necrosis
🔴 RATIONALE: Acute tubular necrosis involves damage to tubular epithelial cells, often
from ischemia or nephrotoxins.
8. What is the most common cause of acute tubular necrosis?
A. Hypertension
B. Ischemia
C. Diabetes
D. Glomerulonephritis
🟢 Correct answer: B. Ischemia
🔴 RATIONALE: Ischemia is the most common cause of acute tubular necrosis, resulting
from prolonged renal hypoperfusion.
9. Which of the following is a manifestation of chronic kidney disease?
A. Polycythemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Anemia
D. Hyperkalemia
🟢 Correct answer: C. Anemia
🔴 RATIONALE: CKD causes anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production by
damaged kidneys.
10. What is the primary mechanism of edema in nephrotic syndrome?
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
CORE DOMAINS
• Renal Anatomy and Physiology
• Glomerular Filtration and Regulation
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance in Renal Disorders
• Renal Calculi and Obstructive Disorders
• Glomerular Disorders
• Reproductive Pathophysiology
• Renal and Reproductive Pharmacology
• Clinical Decision-Making in Renal and Reproductive Care
Introduction
The NURS 5315 Exam 5 evaluates a graduate nursing student's understanding of renal
and reproductive pathophysiology. The exam assesses knowledge of glomerular filtration,
acute and chronic kidney disease, fluid and electrolyte regulation, glomerular disorders,
and reproductive system pathology. Candidates must demonstrate competency in
analyzing mechanisms of disease, interpreting clinical manifestations, and applying
pathophysiological principles to real-world patient scenarios. The multiple-choice format
includes knowledge-based and scenario-driven questions emphasizing critical thinking,
clinical decision-making, and advanced practice nursing application.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
,1. Which structure is responsible for the filtration of blood in the nephron?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
🟢 Correct answer: B. Glomerulus
🔴 RATIONALE: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs.
Its fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the filtration
barrier.
2. What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
A. Concentration of urine
B. Reabsorption of sodium, water, and glucose
C. Secretion of potassium
D. Filtration of blood
🟢 Correct answer: B. Reabsorption of sodium, water, and glucose
🔴 RATIONALE: The proximal tubule reabsorbs approximately 65-70% of filtered
sodium, water, and glucose, along with other solutes.
3. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Aldosterone
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Parathyroid hormone
🟢 Correct answer: B. Aldosterone
🔴 RATIONALE: Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in
the distal tubule and collecting duct.
,4. What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?
A. 50 mL/min
B. 90 mL/min
C. 125 mL/min
D. 200 mL/min
🟢 Correct answer: C. 125 mL/min
🔴 RATIONALE: Normal GFR is approximately 125 mL/min or 180 liters per day.
5. Which of the following is the most accurate measure of kidney function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Serum creatinine
C. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
D. Urine output
🟢 Correct answer: C. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
🔴 RATIONALE: GFR is the best overall index of kidney function, reflecting the total rate
of filtration by all functioning nephrons.
6. What is the primary cause of prerenal acute kidney injury?
A. Direct tubular damage
B. Decreased renal perfusion
C. Urinary tract obstruction
D. Glomerulonephritis
🟢 Correct answer: B. Decreased renal perfusion
🔴 RATIONALE: Prerenal AKI results from decreased blood flow to the kidneys, often
due to hypovolemia, heart failure, or sepsis.
7. Which condition is characterized by the destruction of tubular epithelial cells?
, A. Prerenal azotemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Postrenal obstruction
D. Nephrotic syndrome
🟢 Correct answer: B. Acute tubular necrosis
🔴 RATIONALE: Acute tubular necrosis involves damage to tubular epithelial cells, often
from ischemia or nephrotoxins.
8. What is the most common cause of acute tubular necrosis?
A. Hypertension
B. Ischemia
C. Diabetes
D. Glomerulonephritis
🟢 Correct answer: B. Ischemia
🔴 RATIONALE: Ischemia is the most common cause of acute tubular necrosis, resulting
from prolonged renal hypoperfusion.
9. Which of the following is a manifestation of chronic kidney disease?
A. Polycythemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Anemia
D. Hyperkalemia
🟢 Correct answer: C. Anemia
🔴 RATIONALE: CKD causes anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production by
damaged kidneys.
10. What is the primary mechanism of edema in nephrotic syndrome?
