Chapter 30 – Nutrition
Definition of Nutrition
Nutrition: The body’s intake and use of adequate amounts of necessary nutrients for:
● Tissue growth
● KEnergy production
Definition of Nutrients
Nutrients:Necessary substances obtained from ingested food that:
● Supply the body with energy
● Build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin
● Aid in normal growth
● Support normal function of each body system
Importance of Nutritional Balance
Nutritional balance has a significant impact on:
● Normal growth
● Development
● Body function
● Maintenance of the body
Proper nutrition is necessary to maintain overall health.
Role of Health Care Professionals
Health care professionals must:
● Understand concepts of proper nutrition
● Apply nutrition knowledge in practice
Purpose:
● Enhance wellness
● Promote healthy lifestyle choices
● Help reverse the negative effects of poor nutrition habits
Nutrition and Chronic Disease Prevention
Healthy eating can reduce the risk of chronic diseases across the life span.
Malnutrition
An imbalance between nutrient intake and the body’s needs.
Malnutrition may occur in individuals who are:
● Overweight
● Undernourished
These individuals may lack important nutrients because of poor food choices.
Improving Public Health
Health care professionals should teach people to do more than count calories.
Focus should be on: Choosing nutrient-rich foods
Benefits:
● More nutritional value from calories consumed
, ● Better nutritional intake
● Fewer calories consumed
Patient and Family Education
When patients and families receive dietary education, they can learn to:
● Focus on the overall nutritional quality of foods
● Avoid excess calorie consumption
This approach can help individuals achieve better health.
Normal Structure and Function
Factors That Affect Overall Health
Overall health depends on the balance of:
● Adequate nutritional intake
● Exercise
● Weight management
● Rest
If any of these are neglected, the person is at risk for:
● Life-threatening conditions
● Premature death
Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, obesity, and stress contribute to diseases such as:
● Heart disease
● Some cancers
● Stroke
● Hypertension
● Diabetes
● Kidney disease
Nutrition and the Immune System
There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and infection.
People with proper dietary habits have:
● Stronger immune systems
● Less illness
● Better overall health
Healthy individuals also tend to have:
● Better learning ability in children
● Greater strength and productivity
● Improved quality of life
Metabolism
Definition: The process of chemically changing nutrients (such as fats and proteins) into end
products that:
● Meet the energy needs of the body
● Are stored for future use
● Help maintain homeostasis
Body Processes Resulting From Metabolism
,Metabolism supports important body processes such as:
● Repair and replacement of cells
● Waste elimination through the kidneys
● Brain function that maintains: Pulse rate and Respirations rate
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The minimum amount of energy required to maintain body
functions when the body is:
● Resting
● Awake
Even during rest or sleep, the body requires calories to support:
● Cardiac function
● Breathing
Two Major Metabolic Processes
Anabolism and Catabolism
Anabolism: The Use of energy to change simple materials into complex body substances and
tissues.
Function:
● Supports cell growth
● Builds body tissues
Examples:
● Bone mineralization
● Muscle development
Catabolism: The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler ones, which
releases energy.
Example: Proteins broken down into amino acids
Importance of Metabolism and Nutrients
Metabolism is a continuous process and depends on adequate nutrient intake.
Because nutrients support metabolism:
● Each nutrient has essential functions
● Nutritional balance is necessary for normal body function
A deficiency of any major nutrient can affect multiple organs, not just one.
Nutrients
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients
Macronutrients: nutrients needed in large amounts.
Include:
Carbohydrates: Provide energy for cells, tissues, and organs
Fats
, ● Major energy source
● Help absorb vitamins
Proteins
● Build, maintain, and repair muscles and tissues
Water
● Essential for body functioning
● Assists with metabolism
Micronutrients
Micronutrients: nutrients needed in small amounts.
Include:
Minerals
● Needed for: Energy, Muscle building, Nerve conduction, Blood clotting, Immunity
Vitamins
● Organic compounds that regulate:
○ Body processes
○ Reproduction
○ Growth
Problems With Improper Nutrient Use
Failure of the body to properly use nutrients can lead to:
● Heart disease
● Kidney disease
● Renal disorders
● Diabetes
● Malnutrition
● Obesity
Carbohydrates
Basic Facts
Carbohydrates:
● Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
● Provide 4 kilocalories (kcal) per gram
● Major energy source
Include:
● Sugars
● Starches
● Fiber
Functions:
● Provide energy
● Prevent the body from using protein for energy
● Prevent ketosis
● Support memory and learning
Types of Carbohydrates
Simple Carbohydrates
● Broken down quickly
Definition of Nutrition
Nutrition: The body’s intake and use of adequate amounts of necessary nutrients for:
● Tissue growth
● KEnergy production
Definition of Nutrients
Nutrients:Necessary substances obtained from ingested food that:
● Supply the body with energy
● Build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin
● Aid in normal growth
● Support normal function of each body system
Importance of Nutritional Balance
Nutritional balance has a significant impact on:
● Normal growth
● Development
● Body function
● Maintenance of the body
Proper nutrition is necessary to maintain overall health.
Role of Health Care Professionals
Health care professionals must:
● Understand concepts of proper nutrition
● Apply nutrition knowledge in practice
Purpose:
● Enhance wellness
● Promote healthy lifestyle choices
● Help reverse the negative effects of poor nutrition habits
Nutrition and Chronic Disease Prevention
Healthy eating can reduce the risk of chronic diseases across the life span.
Malnutrition
An imbalance between nutrient intake and the body’s needs.
Malnutrition may occur in individuals who are:
● Overweight
● Undernourished
These individuals may lack important nutrients because of poor food choices.
Improving Public Health
Health care professionals should teach people to do more than count calories.
Focus should be on: Choosing nutrient-rich foods
Benefits:
● More nutritional value from calories consumed
, ● Better nutritional intake
● Fewer calories consumed
Patient and Family Education
When patients and families receive dietary education, they can learn to:
● Focus on the overall nutritional quality of foods
● Avoid excess calorie consumption
This approach can help individuals achieve better health.
Normal Structure and Function
Factors That Affect Overall Health
Overall health depends on the balance of:
● Adequate nutritional intake
● Exercise
● Weight management
● Rest
If any of these are neglected, the person is at risk for:
● Life-threatening conditions
● Premature death
Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, obesity, and stress contribute to diseases such as:
● Heart disease
● Some cancers
● Stroke
● Hypertension
● Diabetes
● Kidney disease
Nutrition and the Immune System
There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and infection.
People with proper dietary habits have:
● Stronger immune systems
● Less illness
● Better overall health
Healthy individuals also tend to have:
● Better learning ability in children
● Greater strength and productivity
● Improved quality of life
Metabolism
Definition: The process of chemically changing nutrients (such as fats and proteins) into end
products that:
● Meet the energy needs of the body
● Are stored for future use
● Help maintain homeostasis
Body Processes Resulting From Metabolism
,Metabolism supports important body processes such as:
● Repair and replacement of cells
● Waste elimination through the kidneys
● Brain function that maintains: Pulse rate and Respirations rate
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The minimum amount of energy required to maintain body
functions when the body is:
● Resting
● Awake
Even during rest or sleep, the body requires calories to support:
● Cardiac function
● Breathing
Two Major Metabolic Processes
Anabolism and Catabolism
Anabolism: The Use of energy to change simple materials into complex body substances and
tissues.
Function:
● Supports cell growth
● Builds body tissues
Examples:
● Bone mineralization
● Muscle development
Catabolism: The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler ones, which
releases energy.
Example: Proteins broken down into amino acids
Importance of Metabolism and Nutrients
Metabolism is a continuous process and depends on adequate nutrient intake.
Because nutrients support metabolism:
● Each nutrient has essential functions
● Nutritional balance is necessary for normal body function
A deficiency of any major nutrient can affect multiple organs, not just one.
Nutrients
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients
Macronutrients: nutrients needed in large amounts.
Include:
Carbohydrates: Provide energy for cells, tissues, and organs
Fats
, ● Major energy source
● Help absorb vitamins
Proteins
● Build, maintain, and repair muscles and tissues
Water
● Essential for body functioning
● Assists with metabolism
Micronutrients
Micronutrients: nutrients needed in small amounts.
Include:
Minerals
● Needed for: Energy, Muscle building, Nerve conduction, Blood clotting, Immunity
Vitamins
● Organic compounds that regulate:
○ Body processes
○ Reproduction
○ Growth
Problems With Improper Nutrient Use
Failure of the body to properly use nutrients can lead to:
● Heart disease
● Kidney disease
● Renal disorders
● Diabetes
● Malnutrition
● Obesity
Carbohydrates
Basic Facts
Carbohydrates:
● Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
● Provide 4 kilocalories (kcal) per gram
● Major energy source
Include:
● Sugars
● Starches
● Fiber
Functions:
● Provide energy
● Prevent the body from using protein for energy
● Prevent ketosis
● Support memory and learning
Types of Carbohydrates
Simple Carbohydrates
● Broken down quickly
