NR 507 EXAM 1 – ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. A patient with chronic hypertension exhibits a thickened left ventricular wall. Which
cellular adaptation is occurring?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to mechanical
load or stress, common in cardiac muscle exposed to high pressure.
2. Which process involves the replacement of one mature cell type with another, often due to
chronic irritation?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Anaplasia
,D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, such as in the airway of a smoker.
3. Ischemic-reperfusion injury is primarily caused by the generation of which of the
following?
A. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
B. Lactic acid
C. Calcium influx
D. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Reintroducing oxygen to ischemic tissues triggers the formation
of free radicals and ROS, which cause further membrane damage.
4. In apoptosis, what is the role of Caspases?
A. They promote cell swelling and lysis
B. They act as enzymes that degrade cellular proteins
C. They trigger the inflammatory response
D. They repair damaged DNA
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that execute the orderly
dismantling of the cell during apoptosis.
5. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with a myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Coagulative necrosis typically occurs in the heart, kidneys, and
adrenal glands as a result of hypoxia/ischemia.
6. An individual has the genotype 45, X. Which syndrome does this represent?
A. Turner Syndrome
B. Down Syndrome
C. Klinefelter Syndrome
D. Cri du Chat Syndrome
Answer: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. A patient with chronic hypertension exhibits a thickened left ventricular wall. Which
cellular adaptation is occurring?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to mechanical
load or stress, common in cardiac muscle exposed to high pressure.
2. Which process involves the replacement of one mature cell type with another, often due to
chronic irritation?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Anaplasia
,D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, such as in the airway of a smoker.
3. Ischemic-reperfusion injury is primarily caused by the generation of which of the
following?
A. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
B. Lactic acid
C. Calcium influx
D. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Reintroducing oxygen to ischemic tissues triggers the formation
of free radicals and ROS, which cause further membrane damage.
4. In apoptosis, what is the role of Caspases?
A. They promote cell swelling and lysis
B. They act as enzymes that degrade cellular proteins
C. They trigger the inflammatory response
D. They repair damaged DNA
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that execute the orderly
dismantling of the cell during apoptosis.
5. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with a myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Coagulative necrosis typically occurs in the heart, kidneys, and
adrenal glands as a result of hypoxia/ischemia.
6. An individual has the genotype 45, X. Which syndrome does this represent?
A. Turner Syndrome
B. Down Syndrome
C. Klinefelter Syndrome
D. Cri du Chat Syndrome
Answer: A
