NU 578 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (2026/2027) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEE PASS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1. A patient is prescribed Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following mechanisms
best describes its action?
A. Directly inhibits Factor Xa in the final common pathway.
B. Binds to antithrombin III to accelerate the inactivation of thrombin.
C. Inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase, preventing the recycling of Vitamin K.
D. Directly inhibits thrombin (Factor IIa).
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide
reductase, which is necessary for the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II,
VII, IX, and X.
2. Which lab value is most critical to monitor for a patient starting an ACE inhibitor like
Lisinopril?
A. Serum Potassium and Creatinine
B. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
,C. Prothrombin Time (PT)
D. Serum Calcium
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury,
making the monitoring of serum potassium and creatinine essential.
3. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes has an eGFR of 28 mL/min/1.73m². Which medication is
contraindicated?
A. Glipizide
B. Pioglitazone
C. Liraglutide
D. Metformin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR less than
30 mL/min/1.73m² due to the high risk of lactic acidosis.
4. Amiodarone is used for ventricular arrhythmias but carries a risk of toxicity in which organ
system?
A. Pancreas
B. Pulmonary
C. Hematologic
, D. Musculoskeletal
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause severe pulmonary fibrosis
(pneumonitis), requiring regular chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
B. Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
C. Slow gastric emptying and increase satiety.
D. Inhibit glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in
the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
6. Which antibiotic class is most strongly associated with the risk of tendon rupture?
A. Macrolides
B. Cephalosporins
C. Tetracyclines
D. Fluoroquinolones
Answer: D
FINAL EXAM (2026/2027) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEE PASS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1. A patient is prescribed Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following mechanisms
best describes its action?
A. Directly inhibits Factor Xa in the final common pathway.
B. Binds to antithrombin III to accelerate the inactivation of thrombin.
C. Inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase, preventing the recycling of Vitamin K.
D. Directly inhibits thrombin (Factor IIa).
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide
reductase, which is necessary for the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II,
VII, IX, and X.
2. Which lab value is most critical to monitor for a patient starting an ACE inhibitor like
Lisinopril?
A. Serum Potassium and Creatinine
B. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
,C. Prothrombin Time (PT)
D. Serum Calcium
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury,
making the monitoring of serum potassium and creatinine essential.
3. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes has an eGFR of 28 mL/min/1.73m². Which medication is
contraindicated?
A. Glipizide
B. Pioglitazone
C. Liraglutide
D. Metformin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR less than
30 mL/min/1.73m² due to the high risk of lactic acidosis.
4. Amiodarone is used for ventricular arrhythmias but carries a risk of toxicity in which organ
system?
A. Pancreas
B. Pulmonary
C. Hematologic
, D. Musculoskeletal
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause severe pulmonary fibrosis
(pneumonitis), requiring regular chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
B. Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
C. Slow gastric emptying and increase satiety.
D. Inhibit glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in
the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
6. Which antibiotic class is most strongly associated with the risk of tendon rupture?
A. Macrolides
B. Cephalosporins
C. Tetracyclines
D. Fluoroquinolones
Answer: D
