NU 578 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM (2026/2027) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEE PASS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which biochemical
mechanism is primarily responsible for the common side effect of a dry, non-productive
cough?
A. Inhibition of Angiotensin II production
B. Direct irritation of the alveolar basement membrane
C. Decreased synthesis of prostaglandins
D. Accumulation of bradykinin in the upper airways
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE is responsible for the degradation of bradykinin. Inhibiting
ACE leads to increased levels of bradykinin and substance P, which can sensitize airway
sensory nerves, resulting in a persistent dry cough.
2. Which class of anti-diabetic medications works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose
cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, leading to glucosuria?
A. Sulfonylureas
,B. DPP-4 Inhibitors
C. SGLT2 Inhibitors
D. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors like canagliflozin block glucose reabsorption in
the kidney, which promotes the excretion of glucose in the urine, thereby lowering plasma
glucose levels.
3. A patient on Lithium therapy for bipolar disorder presents with tremors and ataxia. Which
electrolyte imbalance is most likely to increase the risk of Lithium toxicity?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Lithium is handled by the kidneys similarly to sodium. When
sodium levels are low (hyponatremia), the kidneys reabsorb more lithium in an attempt to
retain sodium, leading to toxic lithium accumulation.
, 4. When prescribing Amiodarone for refractory ventricular tachycardia, which monitoring
parameter is most critical due to potential long-term organ toxicity?
A. Serum calcium levels
B. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
C. Complete blood count
D. Serial audiograms
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone is associated with pulmonary fibrosis and
interstitial pneumonitis, which can be fatal. Baseline and periodic pulmonary function tests
are required.
5. A 55-year-old male with a history of gout is starting Allopurinol. What is the mechanism of
action of this drug?
A. Inhibition of microtubule assembly in leukocytes
B. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase
C. Increased renal excretion of uric acid
D. Degradation of uric acid to allantoin
Answer: B
EXAM (2026/2027) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEE PASS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which biochemical
mechanism is primarily responsible for the common side effect of a dry, non-productive
cough?
A. Inhibition of Angiotensin II production
B. Direct irritation of the alveolar basement membrane
C. Decreased synthesis of prostaglandins
D. Accumulation of bradykinin in the upper airways
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE is responsible for the degradation of bradykinin. Inhibiting
ACE leads to increased levels of bradykinin and substance P, which can sensitize airway
sensory nerves, resulting in a persistent dry cough.
2. Which class of anti-diabetic medications works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose
cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, leading to glucosuria?
A. Sulfonylureas
,B. DPP-4 Inhibitors
C. SGLT2 Inhibitors
D. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors like canagliflozin block glucose reabsorption in
the kidney, which promotes the excretion of glucose in the urine, thereby lowering plasma
glucose levels.
3. A patient on Lithium therapy for bipolar disorder presents with tremors and ataxia. Which
electrolyte imbalance is most likely to increase the risk of Lithium toxicity?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Lithium is handled by the kidneys similarly to sodium. When
sodium levels are low (hyponatremia), the kidneys reabsorb more lithium in an attempt to
retain sodium, leading to toxic lithium accumulation.
, 4. When prescribing Amiodarone for refractory ventricular tachycardia, which monitoring
parameter is most critical due to potential long-term organ toxicity?
A. Serum calcium levels
B. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
C. Complete blood count
D. Serial audiograms
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone is associated with pulmonary fibrosis and
interstitial pneumonitis, which can be fatal. Baseline and periodic pulmonary function tests
are required.
5. A 55-year-old male with a history of gout is starting Allopurinol. What is the mechanism of
action of this drug?
A. Inhibition of microtubule assembly in leukocytes
B. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase
C. Increased renal excretion of uric acid
D. Degradation of uric acid to allantoin
Answer: B
