1
NSG 6001 TEST BANK 2026/2027 | PRIMARY
CARE ADULT-GERONTOLOGY | 300 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-ALIGNED |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION I: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS – Questions 1-30
Q1: Hypertension – JNC 8 vs ACC/AHA Definition
The student is reviewing hypertension. According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, what is the
definition of elevated blood pressure?
A. 120-129/<80 mm Hg
B. 130-139/80-89 mm Hg
C. 140-159/90-99 mm Hg
D. ≥160/100 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 2017 ACC/AHA guideline defines elevated BP as systolic 120-129 mm Hg and diastolic
<80 mm Hg. Stage 1 hypertension is 130-139/80-89 mm Hg. Stage 2 is ≥140/90 mm Hg. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Hypertension – First-Line for African Americans
The student is reviewing hypertension. According to JNC 8, which medication class is first-line for
African American patients without diabetes or CKD?
A. ACE inhibitor
B. ARB
C. Calcium channel blocker or thiazide diuretic
D. Beta-blocker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: JNC 8 recommends CCBs or thiazide diuretics as first-line for African American patients
without diabetes or CKD. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are less effective as monotherapy in this
population. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Hypertension – Goal in Diabetes
The student is reviewing hypertension. What is the BP goal for a patient with diabetes according to
the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline?
A. <130/80 mm Hg
B. <140/90 mm Hg
,2
C. <150/90 mm Hg
D. <120/70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 2017 ACC/AHA guideline recommends a BP goal of <130/80 mm Hg for most adults,
including those with diabetes. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Hypertension – Resistant Hypertension
The student is reviewing hypertension. What defines resistant hypertension?
A. BP above goal despite 3 antihypertensives including a diuretic
B. BP above goal despite 2 antihypertensives
C. BP controlled on 4 medications
D. BP controlled on 1 medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Resistant hypertension is BP above goal despite the use of 3 antihypertensive
medications from different classes, including a diuretic. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Hypertension – Secondary Cause: Primary Aldosteronism
The student is reviewing hypertension. Which screening test is used for primary aldosteronism?
A. Aldosterone-renin ratio
B. Plasma metanephrines
C. Dexamethasone suppression test
D. Renal ultrasound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The aldosterone-renin ratio is the screening test for primary aldosteronism. It is indicated
for resistant hypertension, hypokalemia, or adrenal incidentaloma. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Heart Failure – HFrEF Definition
The student is reviewing heart failure. What ejection fraction defines HFrEF?
A. ≤40%
B. 41-49%
C. ≥50%
D. ≥60%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HFrEF is defined as EF ≤40%. HFmrEF is 41-49%. HFpEF is ≥50%. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Heart Failure – HFpEF Management
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which medication class reduces hospitalizations in HFpEF?
,3
A. SGLT2 inhibitors
B. Beta-blockers
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) reduce heart failure hospitalizations in
HFpEF. Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and digoxin have not shown the same benefit. [100%
CORRECT]
Q8: Heart Failure – BNP Interpretation
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which BNP level makes heart failure unlikely?
A. <100 pg/mL
B. 100-300 pg/mL
C. 300-600 pg/mL
D. >600 pg/mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BNP <100 pg/mL makes heart failure unlikely. Levels >400 pg/mL are highly suggestive.
NT-proBNP cutoffs are higher. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Heart Failure – Medication: ARNI
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which medication is an ARNI?
A. Sacubitril/valsartan
B. Valsartan
C. Lisinopril
D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sacubitril/valsartan is an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) that reduces
mortality in HFrEF. Valsartan is an ARB. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor. Spironolactone is an
aldosterone antagonist. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Heart Failure – Diuretic Resistance
The student is reviewing heart failure. What is diuretic resistance?
A. Inadequate response to diuretics
B. Allergic reaction to diuretics
C. Diuretic overdose
D. Diuretic-induced hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic resistance is the failure to achieve adequate diuresis despite escalating doses.
Management includes IV diuretics, combination diuretics, or albumin. [100% CORRECT]
, 4
Q11: Atrial Fibrillation – ECG Findings
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which ECG finding is characteristic?
A. Irregularly irregular rhythm without P waves
B. Regular rhythm with sawtooth waves
C. Prolonged PR interval
D. Delta waves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: AF is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm with absent P waves. Sawtooth
waves indicate atrial flutter. Prolonged PR is first-degree AV block. Delta waves indicate WPW.
[100% CORRECT]
Q12: Atrial Fibrillation – Rate Control
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which medication is first-line for rate control?
A. Beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Adenosine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are first-line for rate
control in AF. Digoxin is second-line. Amiodarone is for rhythm control. [100% CORRECT]
Q13: Atrial Fibrillation – Anticoagulation
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which score assesses stroke risk?
A. CHA2DS2-VASc
B. Wells score
C. CURB-65
D. TIMI risk score
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CHA2DS2-VASc assesses stroke risk in AF and guides anticoagulation. Wells is for DVT/PE.
CURB-65 is for pneumonia. TIMI is for ACS. [100% CORRECT]
Q14: Atrial Fibrillation – Valvular AF
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which anticoagulant is preferred for valvular AF?
A. Warfarin
B. Apixaban
C. Rivaroxaban
D. Dabigatran
NSG 6001 TEST BANK 2026/2027 | PRIMARY
CARE ADULT-GERONTOLOGY | 300 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-ALIGNED |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION I: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS – Questions 1-30
Q1: Hypertension – JNC 8 vs ACC/AHA Definition
The student is reviewing hypertension. According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, what is the
definition of elevated blood pressure?
A. 120-129/<80 mm Hg
B. 130-139/80-89 mm Hg
C. 140-159/90-99 mm Hg
D. ≥160/100 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 2017 ACC/AHA guideline defines elevated BP as systolic 120-129 mm Hg and diastolic
<80 mm Hg. Stage 1 hypertension is 130-139/80-89 mm Hg. Stage 2 is ≥140/90 mm Hg. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Hypertension – First-Line for African Americans
The student is reviewing hypertension. According to JNC 8, which medication class is first-line for
African American patients without diabetes or CKD?
A. ACE inhibitor
B. ARB
C. Calcium channel blocker or thiazide diuretic
D. Beta-blocker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: JNC 8 recommends CCBs or thiazide diuretics as first-line for African American patients
without diabetes or CKD. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are less effective as monotherapy in this
population. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Hypertension – Goal in Diabetes
The student is reviewing hypertension. What is the BP goal for a patient with diabetes according to
the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline?
A. <130/80 mm Hg
B. <140/90 mm Hg
,2
C. <150/90 mm Hg
D. <120/70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 2017 ACC/AHA guideline recommends a BP goal of <130/80 mm Hg for most adults,
including those with diabetes. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Hypertension – Resistant Hypertension
The student is reviewing hypertension. What defines resistant hypertension?
A. BP above goal despite 3 antihypertensives including a diuretic
B. BP above goal despite 2 antihypertensives
C. BP controlled on 4 medications
D. BP controlled on 1 medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Resistant hypertension is BP above goal despite the use of 3 antihypertensive
medications from different classes, including a diuretic. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Hypertension – Secondary Cause: Primary Aldosteronism
The student is reviewing hypertension. Which screening test is used for primary aldosteronism?
A. Aldosterone-renin ratio
B. Plasma metanephrines
C. Dexamethasone suppression test
D. Renal ultrasound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The aldosterone-renin ratio is the screening test for primary aldosteronism. It is indicated
for resistant hypertension, hypokalemia, or adrenal incidentaloma. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Heart Failure – HFrEF Definition
The student is reviewing heart failure. What ejection fraction defines HFrEF?
A. ≤40%
B. 41-49%
C. ≥50%
D. ≥60%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HFrEF is defined as EF ≤40%. HFmrEF is 41-49%. HFpEF is ≥50%. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Heart Failure – HFpEF Management
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which medication class reduces hospitalizations in HFpEF?
,3
A. SGLT2 inhibitors
B. Beta-blockers
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) reduce heart failure hospitalizations in
HFpEF. Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and digoxin have not shown the same benefit. [100%
CORRECT]
Q8: Heart Failure – BNP Interpretation
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which BNP level makes heart failure unlikely?
A. <100 pg/mL
B. 100-300 pg/mL
C. 300-600 pg/mL
D. >600 pg/mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BNP <100 pg/mL makes heart failure unlikely. Levels >400 pg/mL are highly suggestive.
NT-proBNP cutoffs are higher. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Heart Failure – Medication: ARNI
The student is reviewing heart failure. Which medication is an ARNI?
A. Sacubitril/valsartan
B. Valsartan
C. Lisinopril
D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sacubitril/valsartan is an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) that reduces
mortality in HFrEF. Valsartan is an ARB. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor. Spironolactone is an
aldosterone antagonist. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Heart Failure – Diuretic Resistance
The student is reviewing heart failure. What is diuretic resistance?
A. Inadequate response to diuretics
B. Allergic reaction to diuretics
C. Diuretic overdose
D. Diuretic-induced hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretic resistance is the failure to achieve adequate diuresis despite escalating doses.
Management includes IV diuretics, combination diuretics, or albumin. [100% CORRECT]
, 4
Q11: Atrial Fibrillation – ECG Findings
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which ECG finding is characteristic?
A. Irregularly irregular rhythm without P waves
B. Regular rhythm with sawtooth waves
C. Prolonged PR interval
D. Delta waves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: AF is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm with absent P waves. Sawtooth
waves indicate atrial flutter. Prolonged PR is first-degree AV block. Delta waves indicate WPW.
[100% CORRECT]
Q12: Atrial Fibrillation – Rate Control
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which medication is first-line for rate control?
A. Beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker
B. Amiodarone
C. Digoxin
D. Adenosine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are first-line for rate
control in AF. Digoxin is second-line. Amiodarone is for rhythm control. [100% CORRECT]
Q13: Atrial Fibrillation – Anticoagulation
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which score assesses stroke risk?
A. CHA2DS2-VASc
B. Wells score
C. CURB-65
D. TIMI risk score
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CHA2DS2-VASc assesses stroke risk in AF and guides anticoagulation. Wells is for DVT/PE.
CURB-65 is for pneumonia. TIMI is for ACS. [100% CORRECT]
Q14: Atrial Fibrillation – Valvular AF
The student is reviewing atrial fibrillation. Which anticoagulant is preferred for valvular AF?
A. Warfarin
B. Apixaban
C. Rivaroxaban
D. Dabigatran
