NUR 445 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR 445 EXAM
3 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What are some complications associated with brain tumors? - ANS ✔✔Increased ICP seizures, bleeding,
Venous Thromboembolism Cerebral edema
What are signs of increase ICP - ANS ✔✔Most sensitive is decreasing LOC Stupor and coma
Cushing triad-widen, post pressure, increase heart rate, irregular, respirations known as Cheyenne
strokes
Hemiparesis, headache, papilledema -fleeting vision changes, blurred vision, flickering total vision lost
Cognitive impairment, vertigo, n/v
How can we monitor ICP? - ANS ✔✔Intraventricular catheters
What's sedatives can be used to treat increased ICP - ANS ✔✔Morphine propofol fentanyl Midazolam
What diuretic is used to decrease ICP - ANS ✔✔Mannitol
What is the most common type of stroke? - ANS ✔✔ischemic stroke
What is the treatment for ischemic stroke? - ANS ✔✔tPA within 4.5 hours (so long as patient presents
within 3 hours of onset and there is no major risk of hemorrhage)
Why is TPA not safe to give after 4.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke? - ANS ✔✔The longer ischemic
stroke is untreated the higher risk of it becoming hemorrhagic
What is neurogenic shock - ANS ✔✔blood vessels don't get signals from sympathetic nervous system
often results of injury to brain tissue or spinal cord
Signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock - ANS ✔✔Bradycardia, low blood pressure, signs of neck injury,
absence of sweating below the level of injury and normal and dry skin temperature dysregulation
What discharge teaching is important for patients diagnosed with brain tumors - ANS ✔✔Watch for and
report signs and symptoms of increased ICP
Why is dexamethasone used for brain tumor patients? - ANS ✔✔Steroids prevents or decreases cerebral
edema, accompanying brain tumors
What position should a patient at risk for cerebral edema be placed in - ANS ✔✔Semi Fowlers 45° angle
to prevent increasing ICP
What are some nursing considerations for brain tumor patients? - ANS ✔✔Serial neural assessments
after surgery
GCS important to get baseline prior to procedure
, Check sodium labs regularly hyponatremia increases risk for cerebral edema. Hypernatremia increases
risk for seizure activity.
IV. Lorazepam can be used for seizure treatment.
For safety seizure precautions
What is levetriacetam indicated for patient teaching - ANS ✔✔Anticonvulsant to prevent seizures
Teaching do not skip doses wear medical alert bracelet inform the physician of all medication alcohol
with this medication
What is some patient discharge teaching for brain tumor patients? - ANS ✔✔Keep head of bed, raised
and sleep with head and neutral position, prevent straining by using fiber, fluids, and stool softeners
What are some signs and symptoms of brain tumors? - ANS ✔✔- Headache
- Altered mental status
- Ataxia
- N/V
- Weakness
- Gait disturbance
How are brain tumors diagnosed? - ANS ✔✔MRI and CT scan
How are brain tumors treated? - ANS ✔✔surgery, radiotherapy, chemo; Tx of choice is removal of tumor
without neuro damage; radiotherapy to shrink tumor before removal; chemo alone or in combination
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - ANS ✔✔An autoimmune disease of the nervous system due to
damage of myelin sheath around the nerves., progresses rapidly or over 2-3 weeks, characterized by
muscle weakness or symmetrical paralysis. Pig Head. Also, Landry's paralysis, an acute polyneuropathy
affecting the PNS. The most typical symptoms cause change in sensation or pain, as well as dysfunction
of the ANS. It can cause complications, in particularly in the respiratory muscles if the ANS is involved. It
is usually triggered by an infection.
Alter and infection immune system begins to destroy Myelin Sheath ascending from the feet towards
lungs and Larne, then going away gradually back down to the body
Gillian Barre Syndrome Clinical Manifestations - ANS ✔✔1. ascending weakness and paresthesias
(usually symmetric)
-decrease DTR (LMN lesion)
-may involve the muscles of the respiration or the bulbar muscles (swallowing abnormalities)
-CN VII palsy
2. autonomic dysfunction
-tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension, breathing difficulties
What are the three stages Guillain-barre syndrome - ANS ✔✔Acute stage four weeks of Myelin sheath
destruction, inflammation and edema
Platteau stage -a few days, two weeks of halt in demyelination
Recovery stage peripheral nervous system begins to remyelinate and regenerate
3 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What are some complications associated with brain tumors? - ANS ✔✔Increased ICP seizures, bleeding,
Venous Thromboembolism Cerebral edema
What are signs of increase ICP - ANS ✔✔Most sensitive is decreasing LOC Stupor and coma
Cushing triad-widen, post pressure, increase heart rate, irregular, respirations known as Cheyenne
strokes
Hemiparesis, headache, papilledema -fleeting vision changes, blurred vision, flickering total vision lost
Cognitive impairment, vertigo, n/v
How can we monitor ICP? - ANS ✔✔Intraventricular catheters
What's sedatives can be used to treat increased ICP - ANS ✔✔Morphine propofol fentanyl Midazolam
What diuretic is used to decrease ICP - ANS ✔✔Mannitol
What is the most common type of stroke? - ANS ✔✔ischemic stroke
What is the treatment for ischemic stroke? - ANS ✔✔tPA within 4.5 hours (so long as patient presents
within 3 hours of onset and there is no major risk of hemorrhage)
Why is TPA not safe to give after 4.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke? - ANS ✔✔The longer ischemic
stroke is untreated the higher risk of it becoming hemorrhagic
What is neurogenic shock - ANS ✔✔blood vessels don't get signals from sympathetic nervous system
often results of injury to brain tissue or spinal cord
Signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock - ANS ✔✔Bradycardia, low blood pressure, signs of neck injury,
absence of sweating below the level of injury and normal and dry skin temperature dysregulation
What discharge teaching is important for patients diagnosed with brain tumors - ANS ✔✔Watch for and
report signs and symptoms of increased ICP
Why is dexamethasone used for brain tumor patients? - ANS ✔✔Steroids prevents or decreases cerebral
edema, accompanying brain tumors
What position should a patient at risk for cerebral edema be placed in - ANS ✔✔Semi Fowlers 45° angle
to prevent increasing ICP
What are some nursing considerations for brain tumor patients? - ANS ✔✔Serial neural assessments
after surgery
GCS important to get baseline prior to procedure
, Check sodium labs regularly hyponatremia increases risk for cerebral edema. Hypernatremia increases
risk for seizure activity.
IV. Lorazepam can be used for seizure treatment.
For safety seizure precautions
What is levetriacetam indicated for patient teaching - ANS ✔✔Anticonvulsant to prevent seizures
Teaching do not skip doses wear medical alert bracelet inform the physician of all medication alcohol
with this medication
What is some patient discharge teaching for brain tumor patients? - ANS ✔✔Keep head of bed, raised
and sleep with head and neutral position, prevent straining by using fiber, fluids, and stool softeners
What are some signs and symptoms of brain tumors? - ANS ✔✔- Headache
- Altered mental status
- Ataxia
- N/V
- Weakness
- Gait disturbance
How are brain tumors diagnosed? - ANS ✔✔MRI and CT scan
How are brain tumors treated? - ANS ✔✔surgery, radiotherapy, chemo; Tx of choice is removal of tumor
without neuro damage; radiotherapy to shrink tumor before removal; chemo alone or in combination
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - ANS ✔✔An autoimmune disease of the nervous system due to
damage of myelin sheath around the nerves., progresses rapidly or over 2-3 weeks, characterized by
muscle weakness or symmetrical paralysis. Pig Head. Also, Landry's paralysis, an acute polyneuropathy
affecting the PNS. The most typical symptoms cause change in sensation or pain, as well as dysfunction
of the ANS. It can cause complications, in particularly in the respiratory muscles if the ANS is involved. It
is usually triggered by an infection.
Alter and infection immune system begins to destroy Myelin Sheath ascending from the feet towards
lungs and Larne, then going away gradually back down to the body
Gillian Barre Syndrome Clinical Manifestations - ANS ✔✔1. ascending weakness and paresthesias
(usually symmetric)
-decrease DTR (LMN lesion)
-may involve the muscles of the respiration or the bulbar muscles (swallowing abnormalities)
-CN VII palsy
2. autonomic dysfunction
-tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension, breathing difficulties
What are the three stages Guillain-barre syndrome - ANS ✔✔Acute stage four weeks of Myelin sheath
destruction, inflammation and edema
Platteau stage -a few days, two weeks of halt in demyelination
Recovery stage peripheral nervous system begins to remyelinate and regenerate
