BIO 1100 · Human Anatomy & Physiology I · Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027
BIO 1100 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide — 34 Questions
Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027 Edition · Aligned with HAPS Learning Outcomes
Course: BIO 1100 Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 (Latest) · Cognitive Distribution: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis ·
Format: Multiple Choice (A–D, one correct answer per question)
This study guide is organized into six sections mirroring the Quarter 1 curriculum of BIO 1100 Human Anatomy &
Physiology I at Galen College of Nursing. Each question includes four options (A–D), the marked correct answer, and a
concise rationale linking the concept to the HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society) Learning Outcomes and
A&P I competencies. Use this guide alongside lecture notes, laboratory slides, and assigned readings to consolidate
mastery of anatomical terminology, biochemistry, cell biology, metabolism, histology, and the integumentary system
before the Quarter 1 examination.
Section 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology / Homeostasis
Questions 1–5 · 5 questions · Covers Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology / Homeostasis.
*Q1:*
Identification · Anatomical Terminology | Cognitive: Application
A patient presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision. The attending physician documents
a laceration on the anteromedial aspect of the right forearm and a contusion on the posterolateral aspect of the left
thigh. Based on standard anatomical position, which statement correctly interprets these findings?
A. The forearm wound is on the back-and-outer side; the thigh bruise is on the front-and-inner side.
B. The forearm wound is on the front-and-inner side; the thigh bruise is on the back-and-outer side.
*[CORRECT]*
C. Both injuries are located on the same body side relative to the midline.
D. Both injuries are located inferior to the diaphragm and distal to the elbow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In standard anatomical position, anterior = front, posterior = back, medial = toward the midline, and lateral =
away from the midline. Therefore anteromedial forearm = front-and-inner forearm, and posterolateral thigh =
back-and-outer thigh. Option A reverses both descriptors. Option C is incorrect because medial/lateral describe position
relative to the midline, not the same side. Option D misapplies inferior (the thigh is proximal, not inferior to the diaphragm)
and distal (the forearm wound is distal to the shoulder, but the thigh bruise is proximal to the knee, not a unifying
description). HAPS A&P; I Outcome 1: Use anatomical terminology to describe body positions and regions.
34 Questions · Cognitive Mix: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis Page 1
,BIO 1100 · Human Anatomy & Physiology I · Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027
*Q2:*
Recall · Body Planes | Cognitive: Recall
A surgeon must plan an incision that divides the body into equal right and left halves. Which anatomical plane is
being used, and what is the term for any plane parallel to it that produces unequal right and left portions?
A. Frontal plane; parallel plane is called a coronal section.
B. Transverse plane; parallel plane is called a cross section.
C. Midsagittal plane; parallel plane is called a parasagittal section. *[CORRECT]*
D. Oblique plane; parallel plane is called a longitudinal section.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into equal right and left halves along the midline; any sagittal
plane parallel to but offset from the midline is termed a parasagittal section and produces unequal portions. Option A
confuses sagittal with frontal/coronal (which divides anterior from posterior). Option B confuses sagittal with transverse
(which divides superior from inferior). Option D incorrectly uses the oblique plane, which is any plane not parallel to
sagittal, frontal, or transverse. HAPS Outcome 2: Identify body planes and sections.
*Q3:*
Clinical · Serous Membranes | Cognitive: Analysis
A 45-year-old male presents with sharp, positional chest pain that worsens with deep inspiration and improves
when leaning forward. Auscultation reveals a pericardial friction rub. The inflamed membrane responsible is
composed of a parietal layer lining the cavity wall and a visceral layer clinging to the organ. Which serous
membrane pairing is correctly identified for this patient?
A. Parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall; visceral pleura covers the lungs.
B. Parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity wall; visceral pericardium (epicardium) covers the
heart. *[CORRECT]*
C. Parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall; visceral peritoneum covers abdominal organs.
D. Parietal synovium lines joint cavities; visceral synovium covers articular cartilage.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical presentation is pericarditis — inflammation of the pericardium, the serous membrane associated
with the heart. The parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity wall while the visceral pericardium (epicardium) adheres
to the heart surface. Option A describes the pleurae (associated with lungs), producing pleurisy rather than pericarditis.
Option C describes the peritoneum of the abdominopelvic cavity (peritonitis). Option D is incorrect because synovial
membranes lack a visceral layer; they line joint cavities only. HAPS Outcome 3: Identify body cavities and their serous
membranes.
34 Questions · Cognitive Mix: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis Page 2
, BIO 1100 · Human Anatomy & Physiology I · Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027
*Q4:*
Physiological Process · Homeostasis | Cognitive: Analysis
After consuming a high-carbohydrate meal, a healthy adult's blood glucose rises from 90 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL.
Within two hours, pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, promoting cellular glucose uptake, and blood glucose
returns to 90 mg/dL. Which homeostatic mechanism and feedback type best describe this event?
A. Positive feedback; the response amplifies the original stimulus until an endpoint is reached.
B. Negative feedback; the response opposes the original stimulus to restore the set point.
*[CORRECT]*
C. Feedforward regulation; the response anticipates the stimulus before it occurs.
D. Positive feedback; the response reverses the original stimulus to maintain equilibrium.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is a classic negative feedback loop: the stimulus (elevated blood glucose) is detected by receptors, control
centers (pancreatic beta cells) activate effectors (insulin secretion) that oppose the stimulus and return the variable to its set
point. Positive feedback (options A and D) amplifies the stimulus toward an endpoint (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting) rather
than reversing it. Option C incorrectly labels this feedforward, which would require anticipatory signaling before glucose
rises. HAPS Outcome 4: Explain homeostasis and the role of negative and positive feedback.
*Q5:*
Clinical · Abdominopelvic Regions | Cognitive: Analysis
A 22-year-old college student presents to the campus clinic with nausea, anorexia, and pain that began
periumbilically but has now localized to the right lower quadrant (RLQ). Rebound tenderness and McBurney's
point tenderness are positive. If mapped to the nine-region abdominopelvic scheme, which region is the primary
site of pathology?
A. Right hypochondriac region, housing the liver and gallbladder.
B. Epigastric region, housing the stomach and pancreas.
C. Right iliac (inguinal) region, housing the appendix and cecum. *[CORRECT]*
D. Umbilical region, housing the small intestine and aorta.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The clinical picture is classic appendicitis: periumbilical pain migrating to McBurney's point in the right iliac
(inguinal) region of the nine-region abdominopelvic scheme, where the appendix and cecum reside. Option A (right
hypochondriac) contains the liver and gallbladder — biliary pathology. Option B (epigastric) refers to the stomach and
pancreas. Option D (umbilical) is the early referred pain location, not the localized site. HAPS Outcome 5: Identify
abdominopelvic regions and quadrants and their associated organs.
Section 2: Chemistry of Life / Basic Biochemistry
Questions 6–10 · 5 questions · Covers Chemistry of Life / Basic Biochemistry.
34 Questions · Cognitive Mix: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis Page 3
BIO 1100 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide — 34 Questions
Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027 Edition · Aligned with HAPS Learning Outcomes
Course: BIO 1100 Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 (Latest) · Cognitive Distribution: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis ·
Format: Multiple Choice (A–D, one correct answer per question)
This study guide is organized into six sections mirroring the Quarter 1 curriculum of BIO 1100 Human Anatomy &
Physiology I at Galen College of Nursing. Each question includes four options (A–D), the marked correct answer, and a
concise rationale linking the concept to the HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society) Learning Outcomes and
A&P I competencies. Use this guide alongside lecture notes, laboratory slides, and assigned readings to consolidate
mastery of anatomical terminology, biochemistry, cell biology, metabolism, histology, and the integumentary system
before the Quarter 1 examination.
Section 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology / Homeostasis
Questions 1–5 · 5 questions · Covers Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology / Homeostasis.
*Q1:*
Identification · Anatomical Terminology | Cognitive: Application
A patient presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision. The attending physician documents
a laceration on the anteromedial aspect of the right forearm and a contusion on the posterolateral aspect of the left
thigh. Based on standard anatomical position, which statement correctly interprets these findings?
A. The forearm wound is on the back-and-outer side; the thigh bruise is on the front-and-inner side.
B. The forearm wound is on the front-and-inner side; the thigh bruise is on the back-and-outer side.
*[CORRECT]*
C. Both injuries are located on the same body side relative to the midline.
D. Both injuries are located inferior to the diaphragm and distal to the elbow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In standard anatomical position, anterior = front, posterior = back, medial = toward the midline, and lateral =
away from the midline. Therefore anteromedial forearm = front-and-inner forearm, and posterolateral thigh =
back-and-outer thigh. Option A reverses both descriptors. Option C is incorrect because medial/lateral describe position
relative to the midline, not the same side. Option D misapplies inferior (the thigh is proximal, not inferior to the diaphragm)
and distal (the forearm wound is distal to the shoulder, but the thigh bruise is proximal to the knee, not a unifying
description). HAPS A&P; I Outcome 1: Use anatomical terminology to describe body positions and regions.
34 Questions · Cognitive Mix: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis Page 1
,BIO 1100 · Human Anatomy & Physiology I · Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027
*Q2:*
Recall · Body Planes | Cognitive: Recall
A surgeon must plan an incision that divides the body into equal right and left halves. Which anatomical plane is
being used, and what is the term for any plane parallel to it that produces unequal right and left portions?
A. Frontal plane; parallel plane is called a coronal section.
B. Transverse plane; parallel plane is called a cross section.
C. Midsagittal plane; parallel plane is called a parasagittal section. *[CORRECT]*
D. Oblique plane; parallel plane is called a longitudinal section.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into equal right and left halves along the midline; any sagittal
plane parallel to but offset from the midline is termed a parasagittal section and produces unequal portions. Option A
confuses sagittal with frontal/coronal (which divides anterior from posterior). Option B confuses sagittal with transverse
(which divides superior from inferior). Option D incorrectly uses the oblique plane, which is any plane not parallel to
sagittal, frontal, or transverse. HAPS Outcome 2: Identify body planes and sections.
*Q3:*
Clinical · Serous Membranes | Cognitive: Analysis
A 45-year-old male presents with sharp, positional chest pain that worsens with deep inspiration and improves
when leaning forward. Auscultation reveals a pericardial friction rub. The inflamed membrane responsible is
composed of a parietal layer lining the cavity wall and a visceral layer clinging to the organ. Which serous
membrane pairing is correctly identified for this patient?
A. Parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall; visceral pleura covers the lungs.
B. Parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity wall; visceral pericardium (epicardium) covers the
heart. *[CORRECT]*
C. Parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall; visceral peritoneum covers abdominal organs.
D. Parietal synovium lines joint cavities; visceral synovium covers articular cartilage.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical presentation is pericarditis — inflammation of the pericardium, the serous membrane associated
with the heart. The parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity wall while the visceral pericardium (epicardium) adheres
to the heart surface. Option A describes the pleurae (associated with lungs), producing pleurisy rather than pericarditis.
Option C describes the peritoneum of the abdominopelvic cavity (peritonitis). Option D is incorrect because synovial
membranes lack a visceral layer; they line joint cavities only. HAPS Outcome 3: Identify body cavities and their serous
membranes.
34 Questions · Cognitive Mix: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis Page 2
, BIO 1100 · Human Anatomy & Physiology I · Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide Galen College of Nursing · 2026/2027
*Q4:*
Physiological Process · Homeostasis | Cognitive: Analysis
After consuming a high-carbohydrate meal, a healthy adult's blood glucose rises from 90 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL.
Within two hours, pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, promoting cellular glucose uptake, and blood glucose
returns to 90 mg/dL. Which homeostatic mechanism and feedback type best describe this event?
A. Positive feedback; the response amplifies the original stimulus until an endpoint is reached.
B. Negative feedback; the response opposes the original stimulus to restore the set point.
*[CORRECT]*
C. Feedforward regulation; the response anticipates the stimulus before it occurs.
D. Positive feedback; the response reverses the original stimulus to maintain equilibrium.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is a classic negative feedback loop: the stimulus (elevated blood glucose) is detected by receptors, control
centers (pancreatic beta cells) activate effectors (insulin secretion) that oppose the stimulus and return the variable to its set
point. Positive feedback (options A and D) amplifies the stimulus toward an endpoint (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting) rather
than reversing it. Option C incorrectly labels this feedforward, which would require anticipatory signaling before glucose
rises. HAPS Outcome 4: Explain homeostasis and the role of negative and positive feedback.
*Q5:*
Clinical · Abdominopelvic Regions | Cognitive: Analysis
A 22-year-old college student presents to the campus clinic with nausea, anorexia, and pain that began
periumbilically but has now localized to the right lower quadrant (RLQ). Rebound tenderness and McBurney's
point tenderness are positive. If mapped to the nine-region abdominopelvic scheme, which region is the primary
site of pathology?
A. Right hypochondriac region, housing the liver and gallbladder.
B. Epigastric region, housing the stomach and pancreas.
C. Right iliac (inguinal) region, housing the appendix and cecum. *[CORRECT]*
D. Umbilical region, housing the small intestine and aorta.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The clinical picture is classic appendicitis: periumbilical pain migrating to McBurney's point in the right iliac
(inguinal) region of the nine-region abdominopelvic scheme, where the appendix and cecum reside. Option A (right
hypochondriac) contains the liver and gallbladder — biliary pathology. Option B (epigastric) refers to the stomach and
pancreas. Option D (umbilical) is the early referred pain location, not the localized site. HAPS Outcome 5: Identify
abdominopelvic regions and quadrants and their associated organs.
Section 2: Chemistry of Life / Basic Biochemistry
Questions 6–10 · 5 questions · Covers Chemistry of Life / Basic Biochemistry.
34 Questions · Cognitive Mix: 25% Recall · 50% Application · 25% Analysis Page 3
