NR 511 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NR 511
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Identify the population most commonly affected by bacterial prostatitis - ANS ✔✔o Acute - Sexually
active men 30 to 50 years
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis common in men older than 50 years old
- Athletes who run long distance are predisposed
- Complaints of fever, chills, LBP, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia, and
bladder outlet obstruction
o Chronic bacterial prostatitis- men over age 50 years of age. Symptoms often absent , perineal pain,
lower abdomen pain, scrotal or penile pain, pain with ejaculation, dysuria, irritative voiding
Discuss the physical exam characteristics of acute bacterial prostatitis - ANS ✔✔Acute bacterial
prostatitis- warm, tense, swollen , boggy and very tender prostate.
Most common pathogen Strep faecalis and staph aureus
Discuss how the Phren sign can differentiate between testicular torsion and epididymitis - ANS
✔✔Epididymis characteristic is relief of discomfort with elevation of testis. Positive Prehn's sign = pain
relief.
Testicular torsion elevation of the affected testicle does NOT relieve the pain (Negative Prehn's sign =
pain is NOT relieved)
Epididymis Positive Prehn's sign = pain relief. Neg = no pain relief = testicular torsion).
Discuss common symptoms reported from a patient with BPH - ANS ✔✔Affects men age 40 years and
older.
Obstructive symptoms include
• Decreased stream • Hesitancy
• Postvoid dribbling • Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
• Overflow incontinence • Inability to voluntarily stop the urine stream
• Urinary retention • Straining
Irritative symptoms include
• Nocturia • Urinary frequency
• Urinary urgency • Dysuria
Urge incontinence
Erectile dysfunction should be assessed on patient taking finasteride.
Discuss the hallmark characteristic of a varicocele - ANS ✔✔The hallmark characteristic of varicocele is
the sensation that the testes feel like a "bag of worms."
, Varicocele can be bilateral, but if it is unilateral it is almost always on the left side due to the anatomy of
the vasculature drainage in the testes.
Tortuous veins posterior and above testes can be seen with patient sitting upright
Venous engorgement may increase with Valsalva maneuver; resolves when patient lies down.
Grade 1 varicocele is one that is palpable only when the patient performs the Valsalva maneuver.
Grade 2 varicocele is palpable when the patient is standing.
Grade 3 varicocele may be assessed with light palpation and visual inspection
Identify the population most affected by testicular cancer - ANS ✔✔Males between the ages of 15 and
35
Explain spinal stenosis - ANS ✔✔Narrowing of the spinal canal w/ compression of nerve roots
- Congenital or acquired (age)
- Most commonly from enlarging osteophytes at the facet joints, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum
and protrusion/buldging of the intervertebral discs
- May produce symptoms by directly pushing on nerve or interrupting the blood supply to nerve
Common source of chronic low back pain, seen most with aging. All older people have some degree of
this
Discuss common characteristics (subjective findings) of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis - ANS ✔✔-
Radicular complaints in calves, buttocks, upper thighs
- Pain w/ walking or prolonged standing
o Vascular claudication - pain stops w/ rest
o Psuedoclaudication - pain doesn't stop immediately at rest
- Short term relief by leaning forward/stooping
- Sometimes relief w/ sitting
- Pain in back/leg when sleeping on back at night
- Pain w/ walking/standing
8. Discuss common characteristics (objective findings) of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis - ANS ✔✔-
Muscle weakness
- Impaired proprioception
- Diminished reflexes
- Sensory changes (numbness/tingling)
- Bowel or bladder symptoms
o Sphincter tone decreased
o Don't confuse w/ prostate problems in older men
Identify the red flags associated with back and neck complaints which warrant further investigation - ANS
✔✔T-Trauma
U-Unexplained weight loss
N-Neurologic symptoms
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Identify the population most commonly affected by bacterial prostatitis - ANS ✔✔o Acute - Sexually
active men 30 to 50 years
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis common in men older than 50 years old
- Athletes who run long distance are predisposed
- Complaints of fever, chills, LBP, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia, and
bladder outlet obstruction
o Chronic bacterial prostatitis- men over age 50 years of age. Symptoms often absent , perineal pain,
lower abdomen pain, scrotal or penile pain, pain with ejaculation, dysuria, irritative voiding
Discuss the physical exam characteristics of acute bacterial prostatitis - ANS ✔✔Acute bacterial
prostatitis- warm, tense, swollen , boggy and very tender prostate.
Most common pathogen Strep faecalis and staph aureus
Discuss how the Phren sign can differentiate between testicular torsion and epididymitis - ANS
✔✔Epididymis characteristic is relief of discomfort with elevation of testis. Positive Prehn's sign = pain
relief.
Testicular torsion elevation of the affected testicle does NOT relieve the pain (Negative Prehn's sign =
pain is NOT relieved)
Epididymis Positive Prehn's sign = pain relief. Neg = no pain relief = testicular torsion).
Discuss common symptoms reported from a patient with BPH - ANS ✔✔Affects men age 40 years and
older.
Obstructive symptoms include
• Decreased stream • Hesitancy
• Postvoid dribbling • Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
• Overflow incontinence • Inability to voluntarily stop the urine stream
• Urinary retention • Straining
Irritative symptoms include
• Nocturia • Urinary frequency
• Urinary urgency • Dysuria
Urge incontinence
Erectile dysfunction should be assessed on patient taking finasteride.
Discuss the hallmark characteristic of a varicocele - ANS ✔✔The hallmark characteristic of varicocele is
the sensation that the testes feel like a "bag of worms."
, Varicocele can be bilateral, but if it is unilateral it is almost always on the left side due to the anatomy of
the vasculature drainage in the testes.
Tortuous veins posterior and above testes can be seen with patient sitting upright
Venous engorgement may increase with Valsalva maneuver; resolves when patient lies down.
Grade 1 varicocele is one that is palpable only when the patient performs the Valsalva maneuver.
Grade 2 varicocele is palpable when the patient is standing.
Grade 3 varicocele may be assessed with light palpation and visual inspection
Identify the population most affected by testicular cancer - ANS ✔✔Males between the ages of 15 and
35
Explain spinal stenosis - ANS ✔✔Narrowing of the spinal canal w/ compression of nerve roots
- Congenital or acquired (age)
- Most commonly from enlarging osteophytes at the facet joints, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum
and protrusion/buldging of the intervertebral discs
- May produce symptoms by directly pushing on nerve or interrupting the blood supply to nerve
Common source of chronic low back pain, seen most with aging. All older people have some degree of
this
Discuss common characteristics (subjective findings) of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis - ANS ✔✔-
Radicular complaints in calves, buttocks, upper thighs
- Pain w/ walking or prolonged standing
o Vascular claudication - pain stops w/ rest
o Psuedoclaudication - pain doesn't stop immediately at rest
- Short term relief by leaning forward/stooping
- Sometimes relief w/ sitting
- Pain in back/leg when sleeping on back at night
- Pain w/ walking/standing
8. Discuss common characteristics (objective findings) of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis - ANS ✔✔-
Muscle weakness
- Impaired proprioception
- Diminished reflexes
- Sensory changes (numbness/tingling)
- Bowel or bladder symptoms
o Sphincter tone decreased
o Don't confuse w/ prostate problems in older men
Identify the red flags associated with back and neck complaints which warrant further investigation - ANS
✔✔T-Trauma
U-Unexplained weight loss
N-Neurologic symptoms
