• NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 /2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology 2 – Wilkes University | Exams 1-4
Comprehensive Bank | Verified Q&A with Detailed
Rationales | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
P 1
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia. –
Correct Answer :B. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early in
development; for example, the thymus gland atrophies during childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells.
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia. –
Correct Answer :A. metaplasia.
The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by another. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number
of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as atypical hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes
in the size, shape, and organization of cells.
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems is
a characteristic of:
P 2
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury.
- Correct Answer :C. lead.
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and may also become a calcium substitute. It affects
the hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery. Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry
cleaning, is converted into a highly toxic free radical that damages the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate
gas that interrupts respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like Alzheimer disease
and multiple sclerosis.
A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is diagnosed with a condition
referred to as a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
B. contusion.
C. subdural hematoma.
D. abrasion. –
Correct Answer :A. epidural hematoma.
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura. A subdural
hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface of the dura and the brain. A contusion is a bruise or
bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. Abrasion is a scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of
the skin.
A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular edge is described as a(n):
A. abrasion.
B. incision.
P 3
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
C. laceration.
D. avulsion. –
Correct Answer :C. laceration.
Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin is exceeded. An incision is a precise cut with an
instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a laceration, edges are often jagged and irregular. An abrasion
results from the removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and the injuring
object. An avulsion is an injury in which an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap.
A characteristic of a stab wound includes:
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
B. the injury is longer than it is deep.
C. there is a broken bone.
D. there is significant crush injury. –
Correct Answer :A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush injury because the object used is sharp and it makes a clean
entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is considered an incised wound. A broken bone is a fracture.
The appropriate term for fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder that are embedded in the
epidermis is:
A. exit wound.
B. stippling.
C. blowback.
D. tattooing. - Correct Answer :D. tattooing.
Tattooing results from fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder exiting the barrel and striking the
skin surface with enough force to be driven into the epidermis. Stippling results when fragments of gunpowder
P 4
EXAM
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 /2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology 2 – Wilkes University | Exams 1-4
Comprehensive Bank | Verified Q&A with Detailed
Rationales | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
P 1
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia. –
Correct Answer :B. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early in
development; for example, the thymus gland atrophies during childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells.
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia. –
Correct Answer :A. metaplasia.
The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by another. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number
of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as atypical hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes
in the size, shape, and organization of cells.
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems is
a characteristic of:
P 2
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury.
- Correct Answer :C. lead.
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and may also become a calcium substitute. It affects
the hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery. Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry
cleaning, is converted into a highly toxic free radical that damages the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate
gas that interrupts respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like Alzheimer disease
and multiple sclerosis.
A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is diagnosed with a condition
referred to as a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
B. contusion.
C. subdural hematoma.
D. abrasion. –
Correct Answer :A. epidural hematoma.
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura. A subdural
hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface of the dura and the brain. A contusion is a bruise or
bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. Abrasion is a scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of
the skin.
A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular edge is described as a(n):
A. abrasion.
B. incision.
P 3
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
C. laceration.
D. avulsion. –
Correct Answer :C. laceration.
Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin is exceeded. An incision is a precise cut with an
instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a laceration, edges are often jagged and irregular. An abrasion
results from the removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and the injuring
object. An avulsion is an injury in which an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap.
A characteristic of a stab wound includes:
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
B. the injury is longer than it is deep.
C. there is a broken bone.
D. there is significant crush injury. –
Correct Answer :A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush injury because the object used is sharp and it makes a clean
entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is considered an incised wound. A broken bone is a fracture.
The appropriate term for fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder that are embedded in the
epidermis is:
A. exit wound.
B. stippling.
C. blowback.
D. tattooing. - Correct Answer :D. tattooing.
Tattooing results from fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder exiting the barrel and striking the
skin surface with enough force to be driven into the epidermis. Stippling results when fragments of gunpowder
P 4
