• NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 /2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology 1 – Wilkes University | Exams 1-4
Comprehensive Bank | Verified Q&A with Detailed
Rationales | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
P 1
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
A client with a complete tear of the rotator cuff in the right shoulder was given the choice between surgery and
stem cell transplant. The client chose to try the stem cell injection. The client asked the health care provider,
"How does this work on my shoulder?" The best response would be:
A) Bone marrow stem cells have been shown to generate cartilage, bone, and muscle when injected directly into
the injured site.
B) The stem cells will circulate through your arterial system and come to rest in any area that is inflamed and in
need of repair.
C) Stem cell injection is similar to a blood transfusion in that the cells will bring more oxygen and nutrients to the
damaged tissue.
D) In addition to stem cells, the physician will give you some growth factor to help your body build more muscle
mass.
- Correct Answer :Ans: A
Feedback:
Whether adult stem cells have a differentiation capacity similar to that of embryonic stem cells remains the
subject of current debate and research. Thus far, bone marrow stem cells have been shown to have very broad
differentiation capabilities, being able to generate not only blood cells but also fat, cartilage, bone, endothelial,
and muscle cells.
The physiology instructor asks the students, "How does growth factor affect cell proliferation?" Which students
have the most accurate responses? Growth factors: Select all that apply.
A) Regulate the inflammatory process
B) Act as a chemoattractant for many cells like neutrophils and macrophages
C) Inhibit the beginning stages of cell changes that can result in cancer
D) Stimulate new blood vessel growth
E)Inhibit cell proliferation –
P 2
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
Correct Answer :Ans: A, B, D
Feedback:
The term growth factor is generally applied to small proteins that increase cell size and cell division. In addition to
cell proliferation, most growth factors have other effects. They assist in regulating the inflammatory process;
serve as chemoattractants for neutrophils, monocytes (macrophages), fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and epithelial
cells; stimulate angiogenesis; and contribute to the generation of the ECM.
The basement membrane surrounding a client's foot wound remains intact, a fact that bodes well for the
wound-healing process. Which types of substances/cells are responsible for the synthesis of collagen and elastic
fibers?
A) Prostaglandins
B) Fibroblasts
C) Lymphocytes
D) Glycoproteins –
Correct Answer :Ans: B
Feedback:
Fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Prostagladins are
inflammatory mediators. Lymphocytes are the smallest of the leukocytes, the major cellular components of the
inflammatory response. Glycoproteins are responsible for maintaining the cell membrane.
A client with a history of several previous abdominal surgeries has been admitted to the hospital with several
abdominal pains. Knowing that fibrous strands of collagen can form following abdominal surgery resulting in
adhesions, the nurse should assess the client for:
A) Excess fluid in the abdomen
B) Intestinal obstruction causing constipation
C) Peritoneal fluid leaking from the umbilicus
D) Tight, rigid abdomen caused by bleeding from old surgical sites –
P 3
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
Correct Answer :Ans: B
Feedback:
If fibrosis occurs in any tissue space occupied by an inflammatory exudate, it is called organization. It occurs in
serous cavities such as the pericardium and peritoneal cavities. Fibrous strands sometimes become organized
within the peritoneal cavity following abdominal surgery or peritonitis. These strands of collagen, called
adhesions, can trap loops of bowel and cause obstruction. Adhesions do not cause ascites (fluid in abdomen),
leakage of serum from the umbilicus, or bleeding from old surgical scars.
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of asthma?
a) Excessive mucus production in the airways leading to obstruction
b) Chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways
c) Destruction of alveoli and decreased lung elasticity
d) Thickening and scarring of lung tissue leading to reduced compliance –
Correct Answer :b) chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways
A patient with diabetes mellitus is experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Which of the following
pathophysiological mechanisms is primarily responsible for these symptoms?
a) Hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis
b) Decreased insulin production by the pancreas
c) Insulin resistance at the cellular level
d) Glycosylation of proteins leading to tissue damage
- Correct Answer :a) hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis
In a patient with congestive heart failure, which of the following pathophysiological changes is most likely to
occur initially as a compensatory mechanism?
a) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
b) Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
c) Ventricular hypertrophy
P 4
EXAM
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 /2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology 1 – Wilkes University | Exams 1-4
Comprehensive Bank | Verified Q&A with Detailed
Rationales | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
P 1
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
A client with a complete tear of the rotator cuff in the right shoulder was given the choice between surgery and
stem cell transplant. The client chose to try the stem cell injection. The client asked the health care provider,
"How does this work on my shoulder?" The best response would be:
A) Bone marrow stem cells have been shown to generate cartilage, bone, and muscle when injected directly into
the injured site.
B) The stem cells will circulate through your arterial system and come to rest in any area that is inflamed and in
need of repair.
C) Stem cell injection is similar to a blood transfusion in that the cells will bring more oxygen and nutrients to the
damaged tissue.
D) In addition to stem cells, the physician will give you some growth factor to help your body build more muscle
mass.
- Correct Answer :Ans: A
Feedback:
Whether adult stem cells have a differentiation capacity similar to that of embryonic stem cells remains the
subject of current debate and research. Thus far, bone marrow stem cells have been shown to have very broad
differentiation capabilities, being able to generate not only blood cells but also fat, cartilage, bone, endothelial,
and muscle cells.
The physiology instructor asks the students, "How does growth factor affect cell proliferation?" Which students
have the most accurate responses? Growth factors: Select all that apply.
A) Regulate the inflammatory process
B) Act as a chemoattractant for many cells like neutrophils and macrophages
C) Inhibit the beginning stages of cell changes that can result in cancer
D) Stimulate new blood vessel growth
E)Inhibit cell proliferation –
P 2
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
Correct Answer :Ans: A, B, D
Feedback:
The term growth factor is generally applied to small proteins that increase cell size and cell division. In addition to
cell proliferation, most growth factors have other effects. They assist in regulating the inflammatory process;
serve as chemoattractants for neutrophils, monocytes (macrophages), fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and epithelial
cells; stimulate angiogenesis; and contribute to the generation of the ECM.
The basement membrane surrounding a client's foot wound remains intact, a fact that bodes well for the
wound-healing process. Which types of substances/cells are responsible for the synthesis of collagen and elastic
fibers?
A) Prostaglandins
B) Fibroblasts
C) Lymphocytes
D) Glycoproteins –
Correct Answer :Ans: B
Feedback:
Fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Prostagladins are
inflammatory mediators. Lymphocytes are the smallest of the leukocytes, the major cellular components of the
inflammatory response. Glycoproteins are responsible for maintaining the cell membrane.
A client with a history of several previous abdominal surgeries has been admitted to the hospital with several
abdominal pains. Knowing that fibrous strands of collagen can form following abdominal surgery resulting in
adhesions, the nurse should assess the client for:
A) Excess fluid in the abdomen
B) Intestinal obstruction causing constipation
C) Peritoneal fluid leaking from the umbilicus
D) Tight, rigid abdomen caused by bleeding from old surgical sites –
P 3
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
Correct Answer :Ans: B
Feedback:
If fibrosis occurs in any tissue space occupied by an inflammatory exudate, it is called organization. It occurs in
serous cavities such as the pericardium and peritoneal cavities. Fibrous strands sometimes become organized
within the peritoneal cavity following abdominal surgery or peritonitis. These strands of collagen, called
adhesions, can trap loops of bowel and cause obstruction. Adhesions do not cause ascites (fluid in abdomen),
leakage of serum from the umbilicus, or bleeding from old surgical scars.
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of asthma?
a) Excessive mucus production in the airways leading to obstruction
b) Chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways
c) Destruction of alveoli and decreased lung elasticity
d) Thickening and scarring of lung tissue leading to reduced compliance –
Correct Answer :b) chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways
A patient with diabetes mellitus is experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Which of the following
pathophysiological mechanisms is primarily responsible for these symptoms?
a) Hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis
b) Decreased insulin production by the pancreas
c) Insulin resistance at the cellular level
d) Glycosylation of proteins leading to tissue damage
- Correct Answer :a) hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis
In a patient with congestive heart failure, which of the following pathophysiological changes is most likely to
occur initially as a compensatory mechanism?
a) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
b) Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
c) Ventricular hypertrophy
P 4
