• NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 2/2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology – Wilkes University | Exams 1-4
Comprehensive Bank | Verified Q&A with Detailed
Rationales | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system?
P 1
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
a) Pupil constriction.
b) Increased heart rate.
c) Bronchial constriction.
d) Decreased blood pressure. - Correct Answer :b) Increased heart rate.
-
Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
and manifests as a flight-or-fight response, which includes an increase in heart rate. The other options are
responses of the parasympathetic nervous system.
A 26-year-old male client with Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The client expresses
concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What information should the nurse provide?
a) The radiation therapy causes the inability to have an erection.
b) Radiation therapy with chemotherapy causes temporary infertility.
c) Permanent sterility occurs in male clients who receive radiation.
d) The client should restrict sexual activity during radiotherapy. - Correct Answer :c) Permanent sterility occurs
in male clients who receive radiation.
-
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males with Hodgkin's disease before any therapy. Radiotherapy
often results in permanent aspermia, or sterility.The other options are inaccurate.
A client with a fractured right radius reports severe, diffuse pain that has not responded to the prescribed
analgesics. The pain is greater with passive movement of the limb than with active movement by the client. The
nurse recognizes that the client is most likely exhibiting symptoms of which condition?
a) Acute compartment syndrome.
b) Fat embolism syndrome.
c) Venous thromboembolism.
d) Aseptic ischemic necrosis. - Correct Answer :a) Acute compartment syndrome.
-
P 2
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
These signs are specific indications of Acute Compartment Syndrome and should be treated as an emergency
situation. The signs are not indicative of the other options.
A male client who has never smoked but has had COPD for the past 5 years is now being assessed for cancer of
the lung. The nurse knows that he is most likely to develop which type of lung cancer?
a) Adenocarcinoma.
b) Oat-cell carcinoma.
c) Malignant melanoma.
d) Squamous-cell carcinoma. - Correct Answer :a) Adenocarcinoma.
-
Adenocarcinoma is the only lung cancer not related to cigarette smoking. It has been found to be directly
related to lung scarring and fibrosis from preexisting pulmonary disease such as TB or COPD.
A client's family asks why their mother with heart failure needs a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter now that she is
in the intensive care unit (ICU). What information should the nurse include in the explanation to the family?
a) A central monitoring system reduces the risk of complications undetected by observation.
b) A pulmonary artery catheter measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement.
c) Pulmonary artery catheters allow for early detection of lung problems.
d) The healthcare provider should explain the many reasons for its use. - Correct Answer :b) A pulmonary artery
catheter measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement.
-
Pulmonary artery catheters are used to measure central pressures and fluid balance. Even though all clients in
the ICU require close monitoring, they do not all need a PA catheter and those catheters do not detect
pulmonary problems.
The nurse is assessing a client with a ruptured small bowel and determines that the client has a temperature of
102.8 o F. Which assessment finding provides the earliest indication that the client is experiencing septic shock?
P 3
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
a) Bilateral crackles.
b) Hyperpnea.
c) Mucus production.
d) Weak peripheral pulses. - Correct Answer :b) Hyperpnea.
-
The interrelated pathophysiologic changes associated with the hypermetabolic state of sepsis and septic shock
produce a pathologic imbalance between cellular oxygen demand, supply, and consumption. Hyperpnea, an
increased depth of respirations, is an early manifestation of sepsis. The other options are signs of advanced
shock.
Which condition is associated with an oversecretion of renin?
a) Hypertension.
b) Diabetes mellitus.
c) Diabetes insipidus.
d) Alzheimer's disease. - Correct Answer :a) Hypertension.
-
Renin is an enzyme synthesized and secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to renal
artery blood volume and pressure changes. Low renal perfusion stimulates the release of renin, which is
converted by angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which causes the secretion of aldosterone, resulting in renal
reabsorption of sodium, water, and subsequently increases blood pressure.
Which of the following assessment questions is most likely to address the causation of a woman's new case of
candidiasis?
A) "Have you recently begun a new sexual relationship?"
B) "Have you been on antibiotics recently?"
C) "Have you noticed any new growths on your vagina in recent months?"
D) "Do you use condoms during sexual activity?" - Correct Answer :Ans: B
Feedback:
Recent antibiotic therapy frequently underlies causes of candidiasis. The disease is not normally transmitted by
sexual contact, and tissue growth is not an associated sign.
P 4
EXAM
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 2/2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology – Wilkes University | Exams 1-4
Comprehensive Bank | Verified Q&A with Detailed
Rationales | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system?
P 1
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
a) Pupil constriction.
b) Increased heart rate.
c) Bronchial constriction.
d) Decreased blood pressure. - Correct Answer :b) Increased heart rate.
-
Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
and manifests as a flight-or-fight response, which includes an increase in heart rate. The other options are
responses of the parasympathetic nervous system.
A 26-year-old male client with Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The client expresses
concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What information should the nurse provide?
a) The radiation therapy causes the inability to have an erection.
b) Radiation therapy with chemotherapy causes temporary infertility.
c) Permanent sterility occurs in male clients who receive radiation.
d) The client should restrict sexual activity during radiotherapy. - Correct Answer :c) Permanent sterility occurs
in male clients who receive radiation.
-
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males with Hodgkin's disease before any therapy. Radiotherapy
often results in permanent aspermia, or sterility.The other options are inaccurate.
A client with a fractured right radius reports severe, diffuse pain that has not responded to the prescribed
analgesics. The pain is greater with passive movement of the limb than with active movement by the client. The
nurse recognizes that the client is most likely exhibiting symptoms of which condition?
a) Acute compartment syndrome.
b) Fat embolism syndrome.
c) Venous thromboembolism.
d) Aseptic ischemic necrosis. - Correct Answer :a) Acute compartment syndrome.
-
P 2
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
These signs are specific indications of Acute Compartment Syndrome and should be treated as an emergency
situation. The signs are not indicative of the other options.
A male client who has never smoked but has had COPD for the past 5 years is now being assessed for cancer of
the lung. The nurse knows that he is most likely to develop which type of lung cancer?
a) Adenocarcinoma.
b) Oat-cell carcinoma.
c) Malignant melanoma.
d) Squamous-cell carcinoma. - Correct Answer :a) Adenocarcinoma.
-
Adenocarcinoma is the only lung cancer not related to cigarette smoking. It has been found to be directly
related to lung scarring and fibrosis from preexisting pulmonary disease such as TB or COPD.
A client's family asks why their mother with heart failure needs a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter now that she is
in the intensive care unit (ICU). What information should the nurse include in the explanation to the family?
a) A central monitoring system reduces the risk of complications undetected by observation.
b) A pulmonary artery catheter measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement.
c) Pulmonary artery catheters allow for early detection of lung problems.
d) The healthcare provider should explain the many reasons for its use. - Correct Answer :b) A pulmonary artery
catheter measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement.
-
Pulmonary artery catheters are used to measure central pressures and fluid balance. Even though all clients in
the ICU require close monitoring, they do not all need a PA catheter and those catheters do not detect
pulmonary problems.
The nurse is assessing a client with a ruptured small bowel and determines that the client has a temperature of
102.8 o F. Which assessment finding provides the earliest indication that the client is experiencing septic shock?
P 3
, • NSG 530 ACTUAL 09/16/2026
EXAM
a) Bilateral crackles.
b) Hyperpnea.
c) Mucus production.
d) Weak peripheral pulses. - Correct Answer :b) Hyperpnea.
-
The interrelated pathophysiologic changes associated with the hypermetabolic state of sepsis and septic shock
produce a pathologic imbalance between cellular oxygen demand, supply, and consumption. Hyperpnea, an
increased depth of respirations, is an early manifestation of sepsis. The other options are signs of advanced
shock.
Which condition is associated with an oversecretion of renin?
a) Hypertension.
b) Diabetes mellitus.
c) Diabetes insipidus.
d) Alzheimer's disease. - Correct Answer :a) Hypertension.
-
Renin is an enzyme synthesized and secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to renal
artery blood volume and pressure changes. Low renal perfusion stimulates the release of renin, which is
converted by angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which causes the secretion of aldosterone, resulting in renal
reabsorption of sodium, water, and subsequently increases blood pressure.
Which of the following assessment questions is most likely to address the causation of a woman's new case of
candidiasis?
A) "Have you recently begun a new sexual relationship?"
B) "Have you been on antibiotics recently?"
C) "Have you noticed any new growths on your vagina in recent months?"
D) "Do you use condoms during sexual activity?" - Correct Answer :Ans: B
Feedback:
Recent antibiotic therapy frequently underlies causes of candidiasis. The disease is not normally transmitted by
sexual contact, and tissue growth is not an associated sign.
P 4
