UNC EXSS 181 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE
REVIEW WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Why doesn't everyone do PST?
Answer: lack of knowledge, lack of time, doesn't think it works
●● Myths of Psychological Skills Training
Answer: not useful, only for "problem" athletes, quick fix
●● PST has to be _________
Answer: personalized; IZOF- the optimal level varies by person and
activity
●● Positive stress
Answer: eustress
●● negative stress
Answer: distress
●● Stress Model
,Answer: person-envrionment transaction-> cognitive appraisal
(primary/secondary)-><- coping (problem-focused/emotion-focused)-
>stress/emotion outcome
●● PST purpose
Answer: systematic, consistent practice of mental techniques for the
purpose of enhancing performance, or increasing satisfaction
●● PST can...
Answer: help athletes at all levels, requires training over time, must be
individualized, addresses performance enhancement not clinical
psychological issues
●● mental toughness 4 C model
Answer: Control: one's capacity to feel and act as if they could exert an
influence in the situation in question
Commitment: one's tendency to take an active role in events
Challenge: one perception of change as an opportunity to grow and
develop rather than as a threat
Confidence: strong sense of self-belief
●● mental skills=
Answer: mental toughness
,●● Steps of PST Program
Answer: 1. Education and Assessment
2. Acquisition
3. practice
4. Evaluation
●● education and assessment phase
Answer: ; goal is for participants to quickly recognize how important it
is to build their PST repertoire and how those skills affect their
performance.
;Needs assessment focuses on determining the areas of various
psychological skills athletes need to personally improve upon
●● What psycholigcal attributes separates the most successful athletes
from the rest?
Answer: have a competitive plan, daily training goals, use practice to
simulate competition, high confidence, task-oriented thoughts, positive
imagery, overcome obstacles by planning
●● Acquisition Phase
Answer: focuses on strategies and techniques for learning the various
psychological skills;
what does the athlete need?; develop strategies and tachniques for
learning new skills based on needs
, ; prioritize and limit the number of new skills introduced at one time;
learn basic skills away from the playing field
●● Practice Phase (can take a long time)
Answer: 3 parts:
automation: practicing skill can be performed without a lot of higher-
level cognitive control ("automatic")
integration: use the skill, or versions of it in practice, then competition,
gradually introduce, find ways to adapt skill to avoid disrupting
performance
simulation: re-create the situation that requires use of the skill in a
practice setting to get "real world" experience before using it in real
competition
●● Evaluation Phase
Answer: Was the PST program carried out as planned? (by ahtlete,
coach, consultant); did the athlete improve the mental skill?; did the
athlete meet the goal of the program/solve the initial problem?;
subjective and performance feedback;
reassessment: what could be modified or done next to deal with the
problems or aide in further improvement
●● Why is evaluation so critical?
REVIEW WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Why doesn't everyone do PST?
Answer: lack of knowledge, lack of time, doesn't think it works
●● Myths of Psychological Skills Training
Answer: not useful, only for "problem" athletes, quick fix
●● PST has to be _________
Answer: personalized; IZOF- the optimal level varies by person and
activity
●● Positive stress
Answer: eustress
●● negative stress
Answer: distress
●● Stress Model
,Answer: person-envrionment transaction-> cognitive appraisal
(primary/secondary)-><- coping (problem-focused/emotion-focused)-
>stress/emotion outcome
●● PST purpose
Answer: systematic, consistent practice of mental techniques for the
purpose of enhancing performance, or increasing satisfaction
●● PST can...
Answer: help athletes at all levels, requires training over time, must be
individualized, addresses performance enhancement not clinical
psychological issues
●● mental toughness 4 C model
Answer: Control: one's capacity to feel and act as if they could exert an
influence in the situation in question
Commitment: one's tendency to take an active role in events
Challenge: one perception of change as an opportunity to grow and
develop rather than as a threat
Confidence: strong sense of self-belief
●● mental skills=
Answer: mental toughness
,●● Steps of PST Program
Answer: 1. Education and Assessment
2. Acquisition
3. practice
4. Evaluation
●● education and assessment phase
Answer: ; goal is for participants to quickly recognize how important it
is to build their PST repertoire and how those skills affect their
performance.
;Needs assessment focuses on determining the areas of various
psychological skills athletes need to personally improve upon
●● What psycholigcal attributes separates the most successful athletes
from the rest?
Answer: have a competitive plan, daily training goals, use practice to
simulate competition, high confidence, task-oriented thoughts, positive
imagery, overcome obstacles by planning
●● Acquisition Phase
Answer: focuses on strategies and techniques for learning the various
psychological skills;
what does the athlete need?; develop strategies and tachniques for
learning new skills based on needs
, ; prioritize and limit the number of new skills introduced at one time;
learn basic skills away from the playing field
●● Practice Phase (can take a long time)
Answer: 3 parts:
automation: practicing skill can be performed without a lot of higher-
level cognitive control ("automatic")
integration: use the skill, or versions of it in practice, then competition,
gradually introduce, find ways to adapt skill to avoid disrupting
performance
simulation: re-create the situation that requires use of the skill in a
practice setting to get "real world" experience before using it in real
competition
●● Evaluation Phase
Answer: Was the PST program carried out as planned? (by ahtlete,
coach, consultant); did the athlete improve the mental skill?; did the
athlete meet the goal of the program/solve the initial problem?;
subjective and performance feedback;
reassessment: what could be modified or done next to deal with the
problems or aide in further improvement
●● Why is evaluation so critical?
