ONS ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE FINAL PAPER
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ 3 steps of interphase:
Answer: First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
◉ 4 phases of mitosis:
Answer: Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
◉ Innate immunity:
Answer: Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
,◉ Adaptive immunity:
Answer: Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory
immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
◉ Define mutations
Answer: Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
◉ 3 main goals of treatment:
Answer: Cure
Control
Palliation
◉ Define neoadjuvant therapy
Answer: Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
◉ Define adjuvant therapy
Answer: Additional cancer treatment given after the primary
treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
,◉ Define conditioning/preparative therapy
Answer: Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
◉ 2 types of conditioning therapies:
Answer: Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
◉ Define dose density
Answer: Drug dose per unit of time
◉ Define dose intensity
Answer: Amount of drug delivered over time
◉ How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?
Answer: By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received
to the planned dose of the standard regimen
◉ How do alkylating agents work?
Answer: By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with
DNA replication and causing cell death
, ◉ 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
Answer: 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still
termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
◉ Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:
Answer: Nitrogen mustards
◉ Common alkylating agents:
Answer: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
◉ Common platinum-based agents:
Answer: Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
◉ What is unique about nitrosoureas agents?
Answer: Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in
treating some brain tumors
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE FINAL PAPER
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ 3 steps of interphase:
Answer: First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
◉ 4 phases of mitosis:
Answer: Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
◉ Innate immunity:
Answer: Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
,◉ Adaptive immunity:
Answer: Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory
immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
◉ Define mutations
Answer: Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
◉ 3 main goals of treatment:
Answer: Cure
Control
Palliation
◉ Define neoadjuvant therapy
Answer: Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
◉ Define adjuvant therapy
Answer: Additional cancer treatment given after the primary
treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
,◉ Define conditioning/preparative therapy
Answer: Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
◉ 2 types of conditioning therapies:
Answer: Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
◉ Define dose density
Answer: Drug dose per unit of time
◉ Define dose intensity
Answer: Amount of drug delivered over time
◉ How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?
Answer: By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received
to the planned dose of the standard regimen
◉ How do alkylating agents work?
Answer: By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with
DNA replication and causing cell death
, ◉ 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
Answer: 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still
termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
◉ Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:
Answer: Nitrogen mustards
◉ Common alkylating agents:
Answer: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
◉ Common platinum-based agents:
Answer: Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
◉ What is unique about nitrosoureas agents?
Answer: Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in
treating some brain tumors
