Bailey and scotts
diagnostic microbiology
13th edition by patricia m
test bank
Chapter 01: Microbial Taxonomy
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Taxonomy can be described as a system that:
a. classifies, names, and identifies microorganisms in a consistent manner.
b. classifies microorganisms, based on their genetic makeup.
c. classifies microorganisms, based on their phenotypic makeup.
d. classifies microorganisms, based on their cellular and colonial traits.
ANS: A
Taxonomy is a system that consistently classifies, names, and identifies microorganisms.
Although organisms have genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as cellular and
colonial characteristics, answer A best describes the term taxonomy.
REF: 1 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
2. The most basic taxonomic group that can be defined as a collection of bacterial strains that
share many common physiologic and genetic features is:
a. genus.
b. species.
c. class.
d. kingdom.
ANS: B
Bacteria are classified into the same species, based on their physiologic and genetic
similarities and their differences from bacteria in other species.
REF: 1 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
3. Colonial and microscopic morphologic properties, along with the pigmentation of colonies,
would belong to a microorganism group of characteristics.
a.genotypic
b.taxonomic
c.phenotypic
d.subspecies
ANS: C
Phenotypic characteristics are the observable properties of the subject.
REF: 2–3 OBJ: Level: Application
4. Which binomial name is correctly written?
a. Escherichia coli
, b. Escherichia coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. Escherichia Coli
ANS: A
The genus should be capitalized, and the species should be in lowercase. The entire name is
either italicized or underlined.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
5. The use of a double genus in a microorganism’s label, such as Burkholderia (Pseudomonas),
indicates that the bacterium:
a. does not fit well in either group but has some characteristics of both groups.
b. is a genetic cross between the two groups.
c. has been moved from one genus (Pseudomonas) to another genus (Burkholderia).
d. has been moved from one genus (Burkholderia) to another genus (Pseudomonas).
ANS: C
A name of an organism may change as scientists learn more about the organism. An older
name is often included in parentheses next to the current name to alleviate confusion about the
identity of the organism.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
6. A bacterium that has been moved from one genus (Pseudomonas) to another genus
(Burkholderia) would be correctly noted as which one of the following?
a. Pseudomonas (Burkholderia)
b. Burkholderia (Pseudomonas)
c. Pseudomonas, formerly Burkholderia
d. Burkholderia, formerly Pseudomonas
ANS: B
The name of an organism may change as scientists learn more about the organism. An older
name is often included in parentheses next to the current name to alleviate confusion about the
identity of the organism.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
7. The taxon that is composed of similar species that have several important features in common
but differ sufficiently to still maintain their status as individual species is which one of the
following?
a. Class
b. Order
c. Family
d. Genus
ANS: D
The genus is composed of similar species.
REF: 1 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
8. Which binomial name is correctly written?
a. Staphylococcus Aureus
b. staphylococcus aureus
c. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Staphylococcus aureus
, ANS: C
The genus should be capitalized, and the species should be in lowercase. The entire name is
either italicized or underlined.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
9. An example of an organism’s genotypic characteristic is its:
a. macroscopic morphologic structure.
b. microscopic morphologic structure.
c. nucleic acid composition.
d. antigenic properties.
ANS: C
The organism’s nucleic acid composition—deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA)—is a genotypic characteristic. All of the other choices are phenotypic characteristics.
REF: 2–3 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
10. An organism is serologically identified in the clinical laboratory. This is an example of which
phenotypic property?
a. Subcellular properties
b. Antigenic properties
c. Resistant profiles
d. Nucleic acid sequence analysis
ANS: B
Serologic methods examine the organism’s antigenic properties.
REF: 3 OBJ: Level: Application
Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that move from one genetic element to another and
contain genes for movement and genes for other features are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: A
Insertion sequences only code for movement.
REF: 7 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
2. Miniature chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular
structures are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: C
Plasmids can be separate entities, but transposable elements (transposons and insertion
, sequences) cannot.
REF: 5 | 7 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
3. A DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (ribonucleic acid [RNA] or protein) is
defined as a:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleic acid.
ANS: A
The genome is the collection of all the genes of an organism. Nucleotides and DNA are
building blocks of genes.
REF: 5 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
4. The enzyme that adds nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication
process is called:
a. replication enzymes.
b. DNA polymerase.
c. insertion sequence enzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS: B
DNA polymerase is a specific type of replication enzyme.
REF: 7–8 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
5. If a bacterial cell encounters unfavorable environmental conditions, then its metabolism will
begin to slow until it eventually transforms into an inactive, dormant state. This survival
mechanism is known as:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS: D
Organisms sporulate when unfavorable conditions are encountered and remain in this state
until favorable conditions return.
REF: 21 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
6. Teichoic acids, mycolic acids, peptidoglycan, and disaccharide-pentapeptide subunits are all
building blocks of which bacterial structure?
a. Outer cell membrane
b. Flagella
c. Inner cell membrane
d. Cell wall
ANS: D
These elements are all part of the cell walls of some types of bacteria.
REF: 19–20 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
7. The major difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is that:
diagnostic microbiology
13th edition by patricia m
test bank
Chapter 01: Microbial Taxonomy
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Taxonomy can be described as a system that:
a. classifies, names, and identifies microorganisms in a consistent manner.
b. classifies microorganisms, based on their genetic makeup.
c. classifies microorganisms, based on their phenotypic makeup.
d. classifies microorganisms, based on their cellular and colonial traits.
ANS: A
Taxonomy is a system that consistently classifies, names, and identifies microorganisms.
Although organisms have genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as cellular and
colonial characteristics, answer A best describes the term taxonomy.
REF: 1 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
2. The most basic taxonomic group that can be defined as a collection of bacterial strains that
share many common physiologic and genetic features is:
a. genus.
b. species.
c. class.
d. kingdom.
ANS: B
Bacteria are classified into the same species, based on their physiologic and genetic
similarities and their differences from bacteria in other species.
REF: 1 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
3. Colonial and microscopic morphologic properties, along with the pigmentation of colonies,
would belong to a microorganism group of characteristics.
a.genotypic
b.taxonomic
c.phenotypic
d.subspecies
ANS: C
Phenotypic characteristics are the observable properties of the subject.
REF: 2–3 OBJ: Level: Application
4. Which binomial name is correctly written?
a. Escherichia coli
, b. Escherichia coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. Escherichia Coli
ANS: A
The genus should be capitalized, and the species should be in lowercase. The entire name is
either italicized or underlined.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
5. The use of a double genus in a microorganism’s label, such as Burkholderia (Pseudomonas),
indicates that the bacterium:
a. does not fit well in either group but has some characteristics of both groups.
b. is a genetic cross between the two groups.
c. has been moved from one genus (Pseudomonas) to another genus (Burkholderia).
d. has been moved from one genus (Burkholderia) to another genus (Pseudomonas).
ANS: C
A name of an organism may change as scientists learn more about the organism. An older
name is often included in parentheses next to the current name to alleviate confusion about the
identity of the organism.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
6. A bacterium that has been moved from one genus (Pseudomonas) to another genus
(Burkholderia) would be correctly noted as which one of the following?
a. Pseudomonas (Burkholderia)
b. Burkholderia (Pseudomonas)
c. Pseudomonas, formerly Burkholderia
d. Burkholderia, formerly Pseudomonas
ANS: B
The name of an organism may change as scientists learn more about the organism. An older
name is often included in parentheses next to the current name to alleviate confusion about the
identity of the organism.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
7. The taxon that is composed of similar species that have several important features in common
but differ sufficiently to still maintain their status as individual species is which one of the
following?
a. Class
b. Order
c. Family
d. Genus
ANS: D
The genus is composed of similar species.
REF: 1 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
8. Which binomial name is correctly written?
a. Staphylococcus Aureus
b. staphylococcus aureus
c. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Staphylococcus aureus
, ANS: C
The genus should be capitalized, and the species should be in lowercase. The entire name is
either italicized or underlined.
REF: 2 OBJ: Level: Application
9. An example of an organism’s genotypic characteristic is its:
a. macroscopic morphologic structure.
b. microscopic morphologic structure.
c. nucleic acid composition.
d. antigenic properties.
ANS: C
The organism’s nucleic acid composition—deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA)—is a genotypic characteristic. All of the other choices are phenotypic characteristics.
REF: 2–3 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
10. An organism is serologically identified in the clinical laboratory. This is an example of which
phenotypic property?
a. Subcellular properties
b. Antigenic properties
c. Resistant profiles
d. Nucleic acid sequence analysis
ANS: B
Serologic methods examine the organism’s antigenic properties.
REF: 3 OBJ: Level: Application
Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that move from one genetic element to another and
contain genes for movement and genes for other features are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: A
Insertion sequences only code for movement.
REF: 7 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
2. Miniature chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular
structures are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: C
Plasmids can be separate entities, but transposable elements (transposons and insertion
, sequences) cannot.
REF: 5 | 7 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
3. A DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (ribonucleic acid [RNA] or protein) is
defined as a:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleic acid.
ANS: A
The genome is the collection of all the genes of an organism. Nucleotides and DNA are
building blocks of genes.
REF: 5 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
4. The enzyme that adds nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication
process is called:
a. replication enzymes.
b. DNA polymerase.
c. insertion sequence enzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS: B
DNA polymerase is a specific type of replication enzyme.
REF: 7–8 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
5. If a bacterial cell encounters unfavorable environmental conditions, then its metabolism will
begin to slow until it eventually transforms into an inactive, dormant state. This survival
mechanism is known as:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS: D
Organisms sporulate when unfavorable conditions are encountered and remain in this state
until favorable conditions return.
REF: 21 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
6. Teichoic acids, mycolic acids, peptidoglycan, and disaccharide-pentapeptide subunits are all
building blocks of which bacterial structure?
a. Outer cell membrane
b. Flagella
c. Inner cell membrane
d. Cell wall
ANS: D
These elements are all part of the cell walls of some types of bacteria.
REF: 19–20 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
7. The major difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is that:
