HESI FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM 250 COMPREHENSIVE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES|| EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
SECTION 1: PATIENT RIGHTS, ETHICS, AND LEGAL ISSUES
(Questions 1-25)
1. A resident in a skilled nursing facility for short-term rehabilitation
after a hip replacement tells the nurse, "I don't want any more blood
taken for those useless tests." Which narrative documentation
should the nurse enter in the client's medical record?
A. HCP notified of failure to collect specimens for prescribed blood
studies.
B. Blood specimens not collected because client no longer wants
blood tests performed.
C. HCP notified of client's refusal to have blood specimens collected
for testing.
D. Client irritable, uncooperative, and refuses to have blood
collected. HCP notified.
Answer: C. HCP notified of client's refusal to have blood specimens
collected for testing.
Rationale: Documentation should be objective, factual, and non-
judgmental. The nurse should document that the client refused
blood collection and that the healthcare provider was notified.
Option A is inaccurate because the nurse didn't fail to collect
specimens—the client refused. Option B lacks documentation of
HCP notification. Option D contains subjective and judgmental
language ("irritable, uncooperative") that should not be included in
documentation.
,2. The nurse witnesses the signature of a client who has signed an
informed consent. Which statement best explains this nursing
responsibility?
A. The client voluntarily signed the form.
B. The client fully understands the procedure.
C. The client agrees with the procedure to be done.
D. The client authorizes continued treatment.
Answer: A. The client voluntarily signed the form.
Rationale: The nurse's signature as a witness verifies that the client
voluntarily signed the consent form, that the signature is authentic,
and that the client appears competent to give consent. It is the
healthcare provider's responsibility—not the nurse's—to ensure the
client fully understands the procedure, risks, benefits, and
alternatives. The nurse witnessing the signature does not verify
understanding or agreement with the procedure.
3. An elderly client who requires frequent monitoring fell and
fractured a hip. Which nurse is at greatest risk for a malpractice
judgment?
A. A nurse who worked the 7 to 3 shift at the hospital and wrote
poor nursing notes.
B. The nurse assigned to care for the client who was at lunch at the
time of the fall.
C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when the fall
occurred.
D. The charge nurse who completed rounds 30 minutes before the
fall occurred.
,Answer: C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when
the fall occurred.
Rationale: The four elements of malpractice are: duty owed to the
client, breach of duty (failure to adhere to the recognized standard
of care), direct causation of injury, and evidence of actual injury.
The hip fracture is the actual injury. The nurse who transferred the
client was directly involved in the action that led to the fall and had a
duty to ensure safe transfer. Options A, B, and D lack evidence of
direct causation or breach of duty.
4. On admission, a client presents a signed living will that includes a
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) prescription. When the client stops
breathing, the nurse performs cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
and successfully revives the client. What legal issues could be
brought against the nurse?
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. False imprisonment
D. Defamation
Answer: B. Battery
*Rationale: Battery is the intentional and wrongful physical contact
with a person without their consent. Performing CPR against a
client's documented wishes constitutes unwanted touching and can
result in a battery claim, even if the procedure benefited the client.
Assault is a threat of harmful contact; false imprisonment is
, confinement; defamation is harming reputation through false
statements.
5. A client who is a Jehovah's Witness is admitted to the nursing
unit. Which concern should the nurse have for planning care in
terms of the client's beliefs?
A. Autopsy of the body is prohibited.
B. Blood transfusions are forbidden.
C. Alcohol use in any form is not allowed.
D. A vegetarian diet must be followed.
Answer: B. Blood transfusions are forbidden.
Rationale: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that blood transfusions are
forbidden according to their interpretation of biblical teachings. This
is a critical consideration for planning care, especially in surgical or
emergency situations. Autopsy prohibitions are associated with
Orthodox Judaism and Islam; alcohol avoidance is associated with
Islam and some Christian denominations; vegetarian diets are
followed by some Buddhists and Hindus.
6. The nurse is caring for a client who speaks limited English. The
client's family member offers to interpret. What is the best action by
the nurse?
A. Accept the family member's offer to interpret.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES|| EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
SECTION 1: PATIENT RIGHTS, ETHICS, AND LEGAL ISSUES
(Questions 1-25)
1. A resident in a skilled nursing facility for short-term rehabilitation
after a hip replacement tells the nurse, "I don't want any more blood
taken for those useless tests." Which narrative documentation
should the nurse enter in the client's medical record?
A. HCP notified of failure to collect specimens for prescribed blood
studies.
B. Blood specimens not collected because client no longer wants
blood tests performed.
C. HCP notified of client's refusal to have blood specimens collected
for testing.
D. Client irritable, uncooperative, and refuses to have blood
collected. HCP notified.
Answer: C. HCP notified of client's refusal to have blood specimens
collected for testing.
Rationale: Documentation should be objective, factual, and non-
judgmental. The nurse should document that the client refused
blood collection and that the healthcare provider was notified.
Option A is inaccurate because the nurse didn't fail to collect
specimens—the client refused. Option B lacks documentation of
HCP notification. Option D contains subjective and judgmental
language ("irritable, uncooperative") that should not be included in
documentation.
,2. The nurse witnesses the signature of a client who has signed an
informed consent. Which statement best explains this nursing
responsibility?
A. The client voluntarily signed the form.
B. The client fully understands the procedure.
C. The client agrees with the procedure to be done.
D. The client authorizes continued treatment.
Answer: A. The client voluntarily signed the form.
Rationale: The nurse's signature as a witness verifies that the client
voluntarily signed the consent form, that the signature is authentic,
and that the client appears competent to give consent. It is the
healthcare provider's responsibility—not the nurse's—to ensure the
client fully understands the procedure, risks, benefits, and
alternatives. The nurse witnessing the signature does not verify
understanding or agreement with the procedure.
3. An elderly client who requires frequent monitoring fell and
fractured a hip. Which nurse is at greatest risk for a malpractice
judgment?
A. A nurse who worked the 7 to 3 shift at the hospital and wrote
poor nursing notes.
B. The nurse assigned to care for the client who was at lunch at the
time of the fall.
C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when the fall
occurred.
D. The charge nurse who completed rounds 30 minutes before the
fall occurred.
,Answer: C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when
the fall occurred.
Rationale: The four elements of malpractice are: duty owed to the
client, breach of duty (failure to adhere to the recognized standard
of care), direct causation of injury, and evidence of actual injury.
The hip fracture is the actual injury. The nurse who transferred the
client was directly involved in the action that led to the fall and had a
duty to ensure safe transfer. Options A, B, and D lack evidence of
direct causation or breach of duty.
4. On admission, a client presents a signed living will that includes a
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) prescription. When the client stops
breathing, the nurse performs cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
and successfully revives the client. What legal issues could be
brought against the nurse?
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. False imprisonment
D. Defamation
Answer: B. Battery
*Rationale: Battery is the intentional and wrongful physical contact
with a person without their consent. Performing CPR against a
client's documented wishes constitutes unwanted touching and can
result in a battery claim, even if the procedure benefited the client.
Assault is a threat of harmful contact; false imprisonment is
, confinement; defamation is harming reputation through false
statements.
5. A client who is a Jehovah's Witness is admitted to the nursing
unit. Which concern should the nurse have for planning care in
terms of the client's beliefs?
A. Autopsy of the body is prohibited.
B. Blood transfusions are forbidden.
C. Alcohol use in any form is not allowed.
D. A vegetarian diet must be followed.
Answer: B. Blood transfusions are forbidden.
Rationale: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that blood transfusions are
forbidden according to their interpretation of biblical teachings. This
is a critical consideration for planning care, especially in surgical or
emergency situations. Autopsy prohibitions are associated with
Orthodox Judaism and Islam; alcohol avoidance is associated with
Islam and some Christian denominations; vegetarian diets are
followed by some Buddhists and Hindus.
6. The nurse is caring for a client who speaks limited English. The
client's family member offers to interpret. What is the best action by
the nurse?
A. Accept the family member's offer to interpret.
