Nursing Exam 2 Topics 4–8 2026/2027 | Ethics, Legal Issues, SBAR, Peplau & Communication Questions and Answers

This Nursing Exam 2 Comprehensive Study Guide: Topics 4–8 2026/2027 contains a focused 10-page set of exam questions, answers, definitions, and high-yield review points covering nursing ethics, legal responsibilities, informed consent, patient rights, therapeutic communication, SBAR, patient safety, Peplau’s therapeutic relationship phases, professional boundaries, developmental communication, and prioritization concepts. The opening exam questions test Peplau’s termination phase, the ethical decision-making process, SBAR communication, assertive nursing behavior, autonomy, and age-appropriate communication with preschool children before transitioning into a concentrated question-and-answer review. The nursing ethics section reviews the core principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, veracity, and fidelity. Students are expected to distinguish respect for patient self-determination from the duty to do good, avoid harm, distribute resources fairly, communicate truthfully, and honor professional commitments. The guide also reviews the ethical decision-making process, identifying clarification of the ethical dilemma as the first step and evaluation of the outcome as the final step. Legal and professional-responsibility content includes assault, battery, informed consent, advance directives, the Patient Self-Determination Act, HIPAA, social-media confidentiality, and reporting an impaired colleague. The document identifies voluntary choice, decision-making capacity, and adequate information as the three conditions for valid informed consent. It also emphasizes that nurses should not post patient-related information on social media, including seemingly indirect information such as belongings or room details. The communication and patient-safety section covers SBAR—Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation—the Two-Challenge Rule, SHARE handoff communication, Just Culture, assertive communication, proxemics, and cognitive dissonance. The study guide presents Just Culture as balancing accountability and transparency while encouraging reporting of errors and near misses, while assertive nursing behavior is defined as clear and direct communication that supports professional standards without violating another person’s rights. A major component addresses Peplau’s interpersonal relations framework. Students review the preinteraction phase as preparation and reflection before meeting the patient, the orientation phase as establishing purpose and initial trust, the working phase as active problem-solving and treatment, and the termination phase as concluding the therapeutic relationship once clinical goals have been achieved. The document additionally discusses Peplau’s counseling role, helping versus social relationships, professional boundaries, helpful involvement, disengagement, and patient self-efficacy. The guide also integrates Maslow’s hierarchy and Carl Rogers’ therapeutic concepts. Physiological requirements such as oxygen, food, water, and sleep are identified as first-level priorities in Maslow’s framework. Rogers’ growth-promoting climate is represented through authenticity/congruence, prizing or unconditional positive regard, and empathy, reinforcing the interpersonal foundations of therapeutic nursing care. Developmental communication questions differentiate approaches for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, and older adults. For toddlers, the document emphasizes getting down to the child’s level and allowing interaction with equipment; preschool communication uses short explanations, play, and storytelling while avoiding overly literal language; and school-age communication incorporates concrete examples, participation in decisions, and audiovisual aids. Additional concepts include regression under stress, sundowning in older adults, and Erikson’s Integrity vs. Despair stage. Relevant students: This resource is particularly relevant to nursing students preparing for Exam 2 Topics 4–8 during the 2026/2027 academic year, especially students studying nursing fundamentals, professional practice, ethics, legal responsibilities, therapeutic communication, patient safety, developmental communication, and nurse-patient relationships. It can also benefit PN/LPN, ADN, BSN, and other prelicensure nursing students reviewing professional communication and ethical/legal concepts. 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