NUTRITION AND YOU ACTUAL TEST
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PACKAGE
●● amino acids
Answer: The building blocks of protein. Amino acids contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. All amino acids are composed of an
acid group, an amine group, and a unique side chain.
●● acid group
Answer: The COOH group that is part of every amino acid; also called
the carboxyl group.
●● amine group
Answer: The nitrogen-containing part (NH2) of an amino acid.
●● side chain
Answer: The side group of an amino acid that provides it with its unique
qualities; also referred to as the R group.
●● peptide bonds
,Answer: The bonds that connect amino acids, created when the acid
group of one amino acid is joined with the nitrogen-containing amine
group of another amino acid.
●● essential amino acids
Answer: The nine amino acids that the body cannot synthesize; they
must be obtained through dietary sources.
●● nonessential amino acids
Answer: The eleven amino acids that the body can synthesize.
●● conditionally essential amino acids
Answer: Nonessential amino acids that become essential if the body
cannot make them, such as during bouts of illness.
●● precursor
Answer: A substance that is converted to another substance in the body.
●● denaturation
Answer: The alteration of a protein's shape, which changes the structure
and function of the protein.
●● amino acid pools
, Answer: A limited supply of amino acids stored in your blood and cells
and used to build new proteins.
●● protein turnover
Answer: The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein.
When the daily amount of degraded protein is equivalent to the amount
that is synthesized, you are in protein balance.
●● urea
Answer: A nitrogen-containing waste product that is excreted in urine.
●● DNA
Answer: The blueprint in cells that stores all genetic information.
_________ remains in the nucleus of the cell and directs the synthesis of
proteins.
●● gene
Answer: A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein.
●● RNA
Answer: A molecule that carries out the orders of DNA.
●● messenger RNA (mRNA)
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PACKAGE
●● amino acids
Answer: The building blocks of protein. Amino acids contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. All amino acids are composed of an
acid group, an amine group, and a unique side chain.
●● acid group
Answer: The COOH group that is part of every amino acid; also called
the carboxyl group.
●● amine group
Answer: The nitrogen-containing part (NH2) of an amino acid.
●● side chain
Answer: The side group of an amino acid that provides it with its unique
qualities; also referred to as the R group.
●● peptide bonds
,Answer: The bonds that connect amino acids, created when the acid
group of one amino acid is joined with the nitrogen-containing amine
group of another amino acid.
●● essential amino acids
Answer: The nine amino acids that the body cannot synthesize; they
must be obtained through dietary sources.
●● nonessential amino acids
Answer: The eleven amino acids that the body can synthesize.
●● conditionally essential amino acids
Answer: Nonessential amino acids that become essential if the body
cannot make them, such as during bouts of illness.
●● precursor
Answer: A substance that is converted to another substance in the body.
●● denaturation
Answer: The alteration of a protein's shape, which changes the structure
and function of the protein.
●● amino acid pools
, Answer: A limited supply of amino acids stored in your blood and cells
and used to build new proteins.
●● protein turnover
Answer: The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein.
When the daily amount of degraded protein is equivalent to the amount
that is synthesized, you are in protein balance.
●● urea
Answer: A nitrogen-containing waste product that is excreted in urine.
●● DNA
Answer: The blueprint in cells that stores all genetic information.
_________ remains in the nucleus of the cell and directs the synthesis of
proteins.
●● gene
Answer: A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein.
●● RNA
Answer: A molecule that carries out the orders of DNA.
●● messenger RNA (mRNA)
