NUTRITION AND YOU 4TH EDITION
COMPREHENSIVE SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ denaturation.
Answer: The alteration of a protein's shape, which changes the
structure and function of the protein.
◉ amino acid pools.
Answer: A limited supply of amino acids stored in your blood and
cells and used to build new proteins.
◉ protein turnover.
Answer: The continual process of degrading and synthesizing
protein. When the daily amount of degraded protein is equivalent to
the amount that is synthesized, you are in protein balance.
◉ urea.
Answer: A nitrogen-containing waste product that is excreted in
urine.
◉ DNA.
,Answer: The blueprint in cells that stores all genetic information.
_________ remains in the nucleus of the cell and directs the synthesis
of proteins.
◉ gene.
Answer: A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein.
◉ RNA.
Answer: A molecule that carries out the orders of DNA.
◉ messenger RNA (mRNA).
Answer: A type of RNA that copies the genetic information encoded
in DNA and carries it out of the nucleus of the cell to synthesize the
protein.
◉ transfer RNA (tRNA).
Answer: A type of RNA that collects the amino acids within the cell
that are needed to make a specific protein.
◉ sickle-cell anemia.
Answer: A blood disorder caused by a genetic defect in the
development of hemoglobin causing the red blood cells to distort
into a sickle shape and can damage organs and tissues.
, ◉ collagen.
Answer: A rope-like, fibrous protein that is the most abundant
protein your body.
◉ connective tissue.
Answer: The most abundant tissue type in the body. Made up
primarily of collagen, it supports and connects body parts as well as
providing protection and insulation.
◉ enzymes.
Answer: Substances that act as catalysts and speed up reactions.
◉ catalysts.
Answer: Substances that aid and speed up reactions without being
changed, damaged, or used up in the process.
◉ coenzyme.
Answer: Substances, often vitamins, that are needed by enzymes to
perform many chemical reactions in your body.
◉ hormones.
Answer: Protein- or lipid-based chemical messengers that initiate or
direct a specific action. Insulin, glucagon, and estrogen are examples
of hormones.
COMPREHENSIVE SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ denaturation.
Answer: The alteration of a protein's shape, which changes the
structure and function of the protein.
◉ amino acid pools.
Answer: A limited supply of amino acids stored in your blood and
cells and used to build new proteins.
◉ protein turnover.
Answer: The continual process of degrading and synthesizing
protein. When the daily amount of degraded protein is equivalent to
the amount that is synthesized, you are in protein balance.
◉ urea.
Answer: A nitrogen-containing waste product that is excreted in
urine.
◉ DNA.
,Answer: The blueprint in cells that stores all genetic information.
_________ remains in the nucleus of the cell and directs the synthesis
of proteins.
◉ gene.
Answer: A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein.
◉ RNA.
Answer: A molecule that carries out the orders of DNA.
◉ messenger RNA (mRNA).
Answer: A type of RNA that copies the genetic information encoded
in DNA and carries it out of the nucleus of the cell to synthesize the
protein.
◉ transfer RNA (tRNA).
Answer: A type of RNA that collects the amino acids within the cell
that are needed to make a specific protein.
◉ sickle-cell anemia.
Answer: A blood disorder caused by a genetic defect in the
development of hemoglobin causing the red blood cells to distort
into a sickle shape and can damage organs and tissues.
, ◉ collagen.
Answer: A rope-like, fibrous protein that is the most abundant
protein your body.
◉ connective tissue.
Answer: The most abundant tissue type in the body. Made up
primarily of collagen, it supports and connects body parts as well as
providing protection and insulation.
◉ enzymes.
Answer: Substances that act as catalysts and speed up reactions.
◉ catalysts.
Answer: Substances that aid and speed up reactions without being
changed, damaged, or used up in the process.
◉ coenzyme.
Answer: Substances, often vitamins, that are needed by enzymes to
perform many chemical reactions in your body.
◉ hormones.
Answer: Protein- or lipid-based chemical messengers that initiate or
direct a specific action. Insulin, glucagon, and estrogen are examples
of hormones.
