NUSC 1165 FINAL EXAM CHEA 2026 STUDY
GUIDE CORE CONCEPT BREAKDOWN
INSIGHTS
◉ lymphatic system: three principle functions
Answer: 1. collect and return interstitial fluid, including plasma
protein to the blood
2. to defened the body against disease by producing lymphotcytes
and cleansing body fluids
3. to absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the
blood
◉ final destination of nutrients: the cell
Answer: blood carries nutrients to the cells, nutrients cross cell
membranes -->
inside the cell, nutrietnts are used for energy or to build substances
for the body
◉ mitochondria
Answer: produces ATP
,◉ ribosomes
Answer: makes protein
◉ metabolic reactions
Answer: series of chemical reactions inside an organism; may
require coenzymes; results in the transformation of one molecule to
another
◉ anabolism
Answer: smaller molecules combine to form complex structures
◉ catabolism
Answer: breaking down substances for energy
◉ cellular respiration: how ATP is produced
Answer: carbs --> glucose
proteins --> amino acids
lipids --> fatty acids
acetyl coA is then metabolized in the citric acid cycle and electron
transport
,overall end product: CO2, water, ATP
◉ what are the overall end products of cellular respiration?
Answer: CO2, water, ATP
◉ what is the storage form of carbs in muscles?
Answer: glycogen
◉ what is the storage form of fat?
Answer: triglycerides
◉ how are substances that are unable to be absorbed by the body
excreted?
Answer: things such as fiber, is excreted via GI tract in feces
◉ what are the organs that have a role in eliminating metabolic
waste?
Answer: lungs, kidneys, skin
◉ products eliminated from lungs and skin
Answer: CO2 and water
, ◉ products eliminated from urinary system
Answer: water, "waste products"
◉ kidneys
Answer: part of the urinary system and is the primary site where
excess water, metabolic waste products and minerals are excreted
◉ nephrons
Answer: functional unit; filters blood and maintains fluid balance
◉ glomerulus
Answer: ball of capillaries located within the nephron; filters blood
during urine formation
reabsorption of filtered substances back in the blood can also occur
if they are needed
◉ refined carbs
Answer: food that went through processing
◉ unrefined carbs
Answer: natural state, not processed
GUIDE CORE CONCEPT BREAKDOWN
INSIGHTS
◉ lymphatic system: three principle functions
Answer: 1. collect and return interstitial fluid, including plasma
protein to the blood
2. to defened the body against disease by producing lymphotcytes
and cleansing body fluids
3. to absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the
blood
◉ final destination of nutrients: the cell
Answer: blood carries nutrients to the cells, nutrients cross cell
membranes -->
inside the cell, nutrietnts are used for energy or to build substances
for the body
◉ mitochondria
Answer: produces ATP
,◉ ribosomes
Answer: makes protein
◉ metabolic reactions
Answer: series of chemical reactions inside an organism; may
require coenzymes; results in the transformation of one molecule to
another
◉ anabolism
Answer: smaller molecules combine to form complex structures
◉ catabolism
Answer: breaking down substances for energy
◉ cellular respiration: how ATP is produced
Answer: carbs --> glucose
proteins --> amino acids
lipids --> fatty acids
acetyl coA is then metabolized in the citric acid cycle and electron
transport
,overall end product: CO2, water, ATP
◉ what are the overall end products of cellular respiration?
Answer: CO2, water, ATP
◉ what is the storage form of carbs in muscles?
Answer: glycogen
◉ what is the storage form of fat?
Answer: triglycerides
◉ how are substances that are unable to be absorbed by the body
excreted?
Answer: things such as fiber, is excreted via GI tract in feces
◉ what are the organs that have a role in eliminating metabolic
waste?
Answer: lungs, kidneys, skin
◉ products eliminated from lungs and skin
Answer: CO2 and water
, ◉ products eliminated from urinary system
Answer: water, "waste products"
◉ kidneys
Answer: part of the urinary system and is the primary site where
excess water, metabolic waste products and minerals are excreted
◉ nephrons
Answer: functional unit; filters blood and maintains fluid balance
◉ glomerulus
Answer: ball of capillaries located within the nephron; filters blood
during urine formation
reabsorption of filtered substances back in the blood can also occur
if they are needed
◉ refined carbs
Answer: food that went through processing
◉ unrefined carbs
Answer: natural state, not processed
