WGU D236 Pathophysiology Final Exam – Most Tested
Original Practice Questions with Answers & Rationales |
Latest Study Guide | JUST RELEASED
Section 1: Cellular, Genetic & General Pathophysiology
1.
Which cellular adaptation occurs when a tissue increases the size of individual cells in
response to increased workload?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases individual cell size, commonly occurring in tissues such as
cardiac muscle that have limited ability to divide.
2.
A patient develops enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers after repeated resistance exercise.
Which cellular adaptation best explains this finding?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Increased workload stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to enlarge rather than
substantially increase their number.
,3.
Which cellular adaptation describes an increase in the number of cells within a tissue
caused by increased cellular proliferation?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Necrosis
Rationale: Hyperplasia is characterized by an increased number of cells resulting from
cellular proliferation.
4.
A prolonged reduction in workload causes a skeletal muscle to decrease in size. Which
adaptation has occurred?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Atrophy involves reduction in cell size and tissue mass when cellular activity or
workload decreases.
5.
Which process allows one mature differentiated cell type to be replaced by another mature
cell type better able to tolerate chronic irritation?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Dysplasia
,C. Metaplasia
D. Apoptosis
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change in which one differentiated cell type is
replaced by another.
6.
Which characteristic distinguishes apoptosis from uncontrolled cellular destruction
associated with many forms of tissue injury?
A. Apoptosis is a regulated form of programmed cell death
B. Apoptosis always causes extensive inflammation
C. Apoptosis results exclusively from bacterial infection
D. Apoptosis requires traumatic tissue rupture
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed and regulated, generally producing little surrounding
inflammation.
7.
Which cellular injury occurs when inadequate oxygen delivery prevents cells from
maintaining sufficient ATP production?
A. Hypoxic injury
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Oxygen deprivation impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and
decreases ATP production.
8.
, When ATP levels fall substantially during severe cellular injury, which cellular function is
especially impaired first?
A. DNA replication
B. Sodium-potassium pump activity
C. Collagen synthesis
D. Antibody production
Rationale: ATP-dependent sodium-potassium pumps fail, causing sodium and water
accumulation within injured cells.
9.
Which intracellular change commonly occurs when the sodium-potassium pump fails during
acute cellular injury?
A. Cellular dehydration
B. Increased protein synthesis
C. Cellular swelling
D. Immediate cellular calcification
Rationale: Sodium enters the cell when the pump fails, drawing water intracellularly and
producing cellular swelling.
10.
Which reactive molecule can damage cellular membranes, proteins, and DNA during
oxidative stress?
A. Albumin
B. Free radical
C. Hemoglobin
D. Glycogen
Original Practice Questions with Answers & Rationales |
Latest Study Guide | JUST RELEASED
Section 1: Cellular, Genetic & General Pathophysiology
1.
Which cellular adaptation occurs when a tissue increases the size of individual cells in
response to increased workload?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases individual cell size, commonly occurring in tissues such as
cardiac muscle that have limited ability to divide.
2.
A patient develops enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers after repeated resistance exercise.
Which cellular adaptation best explains this finding?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Increased workload stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to enlarge rather than
substantially increase their number.
,3.
Which cellular adaptation describes an increase in the number of cells within a tissue
caused by increased cellular proliferation?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Necrosis
Rationale: Hyperplasia is characterized by an increased number of cells resulting from
cellular proliferation.
4.
A prolonged reduction in workload causes a skeletal muscle to decrease in size. Which
adaptation has occurred?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Atrophy involves reduction in cell size and tissue mass when cellular activity or
workload decreases.
5.
Which process allows one mature differentiated cell type to be replaced by another mature
cell type better able to tolerate chronic irritation?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Dysplasia
,C. Metaplasia
D. Apoptosis
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change in which one differentiated cell type is
replaced by another.
6.
Which characteristic distinguishes apoptosis from uncontrolled cellular destruction
associated with many forms of tissue injury?
A. Apoptosis is a regulated form of programmed cell death
B. Apoptosis always causes extensive inflammation
C. Apoptosis results exclusively from bacterial infection
D. Apoptosis requires traumatic tissue rupture
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed and regulated, generally producing little surrounding
inflammation.
7.
Which cellular injury occurs when inadequate oxygen delivery prevents cells from
maintaining sufficient ATP production?
A. Hypoxic injury
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Oxygen deprivation impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and
decreases ATP production.
8.
, When ATP levels fall substantially during severe cellular injury, which cellular function is
especially impaired first?
A. DNA replication
B. Sodium-potassium pump activity
C. Collagen synthesis
D. Antibody production
Rationale: ATP-dependent sodium-potassium pumps fail, causing sodium and water
accumulation within injured cells.
9.
Which intracellular change commonly occurs when the sodium-potassium pump fails during
acute cellular injury?
A. Cellular dehydration
B. Increased protein synthesis
C. Cellular swelling
D. Immediate cellular calcification
Rationale: Sodium enters the cell when the pump fails, drawing water intracellularly and
producing cellular swelling.
10.
Which reactive molecule can damage cellular membranes, proteins, and DNA during
oxidative stress?
A. Albumin
B. Free radical
C. Hemoglobin
D. Glycogen
