NURS6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM WEEK 6 2026 FULL REVIEW SHEET
COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential
that initiates an action potential? Answer: Answer: Sodium gates
open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
◉ A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following? Answer: Answer:
XXY
◉ A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a
proband, what is the nurse looking for? Answer: Answer: The person
who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
◉ An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis
will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle
should the nurse explain to the aide? Answer: Answer: Expressivity
◉ In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the
nurse include regarding cholesterol? Answer: Answer: Cholesterol
,decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces
its ability to carry oxygen.
◉ When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene Answer:
Answer: Autosomal recessive
◉ How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes? Answer: Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme
(ATPase)
◉ The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as: Answer: Answer: Sodium
◉ The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum
results in: Answer: Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
◉ What principle should the nurse remember when trying to
distinguish aging from diseases? Answer: Answer: It is difficult to
tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from
cell injury.
◉ What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype
that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single
X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
, spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse
body hair. Answer: Answer: Turner syndrome
◉ A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region
of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
Answer: Answer: Nucleolus
◉ The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syndrome. What is the nurse describing? Answer: Answer: Maternal
nondisjunction
◉ A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington
disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: Answer:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
◉ A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome.
What is the nurse's best response? Answer: Answer: Pregnancy in
women over age 35
◉ What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Answer:
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
◉ A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye,
and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
MIDTERM WEEK 6 2026 FULL REVIEW SHEET
COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential
that initiates an action potential? Answer: Answer: Sodium gates
open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
◉ A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following? Answer: Answer:
XXY
◉ A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a
proband, what is the nurse looking for? Answer: Answer: The person
who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
◉ An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis
will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle
should the nurse explain to the aide? Answer: Answer: Expressivity
◉ In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the
nurse include regarding cholesterol? Answer: Answer: Cholesterol
,decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces
its ability to carry oxygen.
◉ When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene Answer:
Answer: Autosomal recessive
◉ How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes? Answer: Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme
(ATPase)
◉ The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as: Answer: Answer: Sodium
◉ The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum
results in: Answer: Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
◉ What principle should the nurse remember when trying to
distinguish aging from diseases? Answer: Answer: It is difficult to
tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from
cell injury.
◉ What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype
that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single
X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
, spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse
body hair. Answer: Answer: Turner syndrome
◉ A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region
of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
Answer: Answer: Nucleolus
◉ The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syndrome. What is the nurse describing? Answer: Answer: Maternal
nondisjunction
◉ A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington
disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: Answer:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
◉ A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome.
What is the nurse's best response? Answer: Answer: Pregnancy in
women over age 35
◉ What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Answer:
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
◉ A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye,
and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
