NURS611 EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
PREPARATION GUIDE
◉ Gold standard indicator of kidney function.
Answer: GFR
◉ Normal GFR.
Answer: 60-120 mL/min
◉ What does a GFR of 15-60 indicate?.
Answer: Kidney disease
◉ What does a GFR of less than 15 indicate?.
Answer: Kidney Failure
◉ What is a reduced GFR during glomerular disease evidenced by?.
Answer: Elevated plasma urea, creatinine concentration, or reduced
renal creatinine clearance
,◉ Includes renal diseases in which glomerular inflammation is
caused by immune mechanisms that damage the glomerular
capillary filtration membrane..
Answer: Acute glomerulonephritis
◉ What are some symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?.
Answer: Hematuria and mild proteinuria
◉ Severe symptoms of glomerulonephritis.
Answer: Edema (due to protein loss in urine) , HTN, Impaired renal
function
◉ Normally, the glomerular capillary filtration membranes are very
close to each other, but with acute glomerulonephritis, what
happens is that those membranes become spaced apart due to
what?.
Answer: Inflammation, infection, and damage so that proteins
(which are huge molecules) can go through when normally they
should not be able to filtrate through such a small opening.
◉ What is the main difference between acute glomerulonephritis
and nephrotic syndrome?.
Answer: Acute glomerulonephritis involves mild proteinuria.
Nephrotic syndrome involves massive proteinuria up to 3 grams or
more excreted per day as well as hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.0
, g/dl) as well as peripheral edema. But the MAIN difference is
nephrotic syndrome involves MASSIVE PROTEINURIA!
◉ Causes of nephrotic syndrome.
Answer: Glomerulonephritis, Genetic defects that alter the
glomerular membrane, Systemic diseases (diabetes, Lupus)**,
Drug/toxin injury, Infections (especially chronic and/or recurrent)
◉ Which population do we normally see nephrotic syndrome in?.
Answer: Children, but also seen in adults (just not as common)
◉ Nephrotic syndrome is characteristic of injury to what?.
Answer: Glomerular injury
◉ Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) progression.
Answer: Usually rapid (Within hours) and is often reversible.
◉ Causes of AKI.
Answer: reduced perfusion to the kidneys (blood flow issues - pre
renal), damage to kidney tissue (Contrast) , and obstruction
◉ Chronic kidney disease progression.
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
PREPARATION GUIDE
◉ Gold standard indicator of kidney function.
Answer: GFR
◉ Normal GFR.
Answer: 60-120 mL/min
◉ What does a GFR of 15-60 indicate?.
Answer: Kidney disease
◉ What does a GFR of less than 15 indicate?.
Answer: Kidney Failure
◉ What is a reduced GFR during glomerular disease evidenced by?.
Answer: Elevated plasma urea, creatinine concentration, or reduced
renal creatinine clearance
,◉ Includes renal diseases in which glomerular inflammation is
caused by immune mechanisms that damage the glomerular
capillary filtration membrane..
Answer: Acute glomerulonephritis
◉ What are some symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?.
Answer: Hematuria and mild proteinuria
◉ Severe symptoms of glomerulonephritis.
Answer: Edema (due to protein loss in urine) , HTN, Impaired renal
function
◉ Normally, the glomerular capillary filtration membranes are very
close to each other, but with acute glomerulonephritis, what
happens is that those membranes become spaced apart due to
what?.
Answer: Inflammation, infection, and damage so that proteins
(which are huge molecules) can go through when normally they
should not be able to filtrate through such a small opening.
◉ What is the main difference between acute glomerulonephritis
and nephrotic syndrome?.
Answer: Acute glomerulonephritis involves mild proteinuria.
Nephrotic syndrome involves massive proteinuria up to 3 grams or
more excreted per day as well as hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.0
, g/dl) as well as peripheral edema. But the MAIN difference is
nephrotic syndrome involves MASSIVE PROTEINURIA!
◉ Causes of nephrotic syndrome.
Answer: Glomerulonephritis, Genetic defects that alter the
glomerular membrane, Systemic diseases (diabetes, Lupus)**,
Drug/toxin injury, Infections (especially chronic and/or recurrent)
◉ Which population do we normally see nephrotic syndrome in?.
Answer: Children, but also seen in adults (just not as common)
◉ Nephrotic syndrome is characteristic of injury to what?.
Answer: Glomerular injury
◉ Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) progression.
Answer: Usually rapid (Within hours) and is often reversible.
◉ Causes of AKI.
Answer: reduced perfusion to the kidneys (blood flow issues - pre
renal), damage to kidney tissue (Contrast) , and obstruction
◉ Chronic kidney disease progression.
