KINESIOLOGY EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

KINESIOLOGY EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. what are the angles of the spine in neutral posture for:
A. - cervical region
B. - throracic
C. - lumbar
Answer:
cervical: 30-35 thoracic: 40 lumbar: 45

Question:
2. T/F: Physical therapy has been shown to have equal outcomes and cost of treatment whether it's early or
delayed in patients with low back pain
Answer:
False!
- early PT is cost-effective, reduces need for advanced imaging, surgery, and medication compared to
delayed PT

Question:
3. what is primary kyphosis and when is it present?
Answer:
everything flexed present at birth

Question:
4. secondary lordosis
Answer:
secondary curves forming
- occurs with motor maturation & upright posture

Question:
5. if a curve is "lordotic", what does that mean?
Answer:
convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly

Question:
6. if a curve is "kyphotic", what does that mean?
Answer:
convex posteriorly, concave anteriorly

Question:
7. where does the line of gravity pass through the spine? how does this affect spine?

,Answer:
through concave side of each curve
- gravity produces a torque to maintain shape of each curve
- this torque must be neutralized by muscle or connective tissue forces

Question:
8. exaggerated thoracic kyphosis leads to:
Answer:
reduced space for lungs to expand

Question:
9. 3 components of a typical intervertebral junction & function of each
Answer:
1. transverse & spinous processes
- increase leverage of muscles & ligaments
2. facet (apophyseal) joints
- guide motion
3. interbody joint
- connect bodies

Question:
10. how are facet joints oriented in each region of the spine?
Answer:
cervical: between horizontal & frontal thoracic: frontal lumbar: sagittal
*Dr. Allen's dance!

Question:
11. primary functions of the interbody joints (5)
Answer:
1. shock absorption
2. load distribution
3. stability between vertebrae
4. site of axis of rotation
5. deformable intervertebral space

Question:
12. intervertebral space created by discs allows for:
Answer:
motion! (flex/extend, rotation) spinal nerves to exit

Question:
13. if someone is having radicular pain, what structures might you be wondering about?
Answer:
what is the health of their intervertebral discs?
- if degenerating/protruding, may compress nerve root

, Question:
14. nucleus pulposus
A. - location?
B. - function
C. - material
Answer:
- middle of disc
- shock absorber!
- pulplike gel: proteoglycans, collagen, elastin, etc.

Question:
15. annulus fibrosus
A. - composed of:
B. - function
Answer:
- layers of collagen fibers, alternating directions (65 degree angles)
- enclose nucleus & stabilize (resist shear, torsion, & distraction)

Question:
16. vertebral endplates are composed of & function to:
Answer:
- thin caps of hyaline & fibrocartilage on vertebral bodies
- join vertebrae together
- allow nutrients to pass through

Question:
17. what percent of weight is carried through the vertebral bodies? how much through the facet joints?
Answer:
80% through body 20% facet & other posterior structures

Question:
18. which position puts more pressure on intervertebral discs:
A. - standing upright OR
B. - seated leaning forward
Answer:
seated leaning forward!

Question:
19. which position puts more pressure on intervertebral discs:
A. - sitting upright
B. - sitting leaning back
Answer:
sitting upright