MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING I: FINAL EXAM | FROM
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH
CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Terms of Respiration Answer: Eupnea: easy or normal breathing
Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
Apnea: temporary cessation of breathing
Bradypnea: abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
Tachypnea: rapid, shallow respirations usually greater than 20 breaths per minute
Orthopnea: an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or
comfortably
Hypoventilation: breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body
Hyperventilation: rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic
Cheyne-Stokes: respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively
deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a
temporary stop in breathing called an apnea
Anoxia: absence of oxygen
Hypoxemia: Deficiency in the amount of oxygen in arterial blood
Hypoxia: Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia:
- cyanosis, gray, or pale skin
- decreased O2 saturation
- confusion or irritability
Oxygen Therapy Answer: Treatment in which a storage tank of oxygen or a compressor is used
to administer oxygen to patients with respiratory issues
- may be administered through a nasal cannula, mask, or a tent
Safety Precautions:
- use/store according to manufacture's recommendations
- place a "no smoking" sign near front door of home and on door of client's bedroom
- ensure electrical equipment is in good repair and well grounded
- replace bedding that can generate static electricity (wool, nylon, synthetics) with cotton
- keep flammable items (such as heating oil and nail polish remover) away from client when O2
in use
Nursing Considerations:
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, - assess skin and mucus membranes for dryness around where nasal cannula or mask is worn
Adventitious Breath Sounds Answer: Abnormal breath sounds that are heard in addition to the
expected sounds.
- includes wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles
Sibilant Wheezing Answer: Musical, high pitched, squeaking or whistling sounds caused by the
rapid movement of air squeezing through narrowed bronchioles
Sonorous Wheezing Answer: "Rhonchi" deep low pitched, loud and course snoring sounds
caused by air moving through narrowed passage due to increased secretions
- often heard on expiration
Crackles Answer: "Rales" fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during
inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli
Plueral Friction Rub Answer: Coarse grating or crunching sound resulting from an inflamed
lung surface or from the visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
- associated with tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer, and pulmonary infarction
Respiratory Acidosis Answer: A condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all of the
carbon dioxide the body produces
- due to hypoventilation or hypoxia
- causes the body fluids, especially the blood, to become excessively acidic
- can be caused by decreased respiratory stimuli (via medications or drug use), COPD,
pneumonia, or atelectasis (collapsed lung)
Signs and Symptoms:
- headache, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
- hypoventilation or hypoxia
- hyperkalemia
- decrease in blood pressure
- muscle weakness
Respiratory Alkalosis Answer: A condition marked by a low level of carbon dioxide in the
blood due to excessive respiration
- due to hyperventilation, anxiety, fear, or mechanical ventilation
Signs and Symptoms:
- lethargy, confusion, or light headedness
- nausea and vomiting
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH
CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Terms of Respiration Answer: Eupnea: easy or normal breathing
Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
Apnea: temporary cessation of breathing
Bradypnea: abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
Tachypnea: rapid, shallow respirations usually greater than 20 breaths per minute
Orthopnea: an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or
comfortably
Hypoventilation: breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body
Hyperventilation: rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic
Cheyne-Stokes: respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively
deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a
temporary stop in breathing called an apnea
Anoxia: absence of oxygen
Hypoxemia: Deficiency in the amount of oxygen in arterial blood
Hypoxia: Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia:
- cyanosis, gray, or pale skin
- decreased O2 saturation
- confusion or irritability
Oxygen Therapy Answer: Treatment in which a storage tank of oxygen or a compressor is used
to administer oxygen to patients with respiratory issues
- may be administered through a nasal cannula, mask, or a tent
Safety Precautions:
- use/store according to manufacture's recommendations
- place a "no smoking" sign near front door of home and on door of client's bedroom
- ensure electrical equipment is in good repair and well grounded
- replace bedding that can generate static electricity (wool, nylon, synthetics) with cotton
- keep flammable items (such as heating oil and nail polish remover) away from client when O2
in use
Nursing Considerations:
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, - assess skin and mucus membranes for dryness around where nasal cannula or mask is worn
Adventitious Breath Sounds Answer: Abnormal breath sounds that are heard in addition to the
expected sounds.
- includes wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles
Sibilant Wheezing Answer: Musical, high pitched, squeaking or whistling sounds caused by the
rapid movement of air squeezing through narrowed bronchioles
Sonorous Wheezing Answer: "Rhonchi" deep low pitched, loud and course snoring sounds
caused by air moving through narrowed passage due to increased secretions
- often heard on expiration
Crackles Answer: "Rales" fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during
inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli
Plueral Friction Rub Answer: Coarse grating or crunching sound resulting from an inflamed
lung surface or from the visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
- associated with tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer, and pulmonary infarction
Respiratory Acidosis Answer: A condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all of the
carbon dioxide the body produces
- due to hypoventilation or hypoxia
- causes the body fluids, especially the blood, to become excessively acidic
- can be caused by decreased respiratory stimuli (via medications or drug use), COPD,
pneumonia, or atelectasis (collapsed lung)
Signs and Symptoms:
- headache, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
- hypoventilation or hypoxia
- hyperkalemia
- decrease in blood pressure
- muscle weakness
Respiratory Alkalosis Answer: A condition marked by a low level of carbon dioxide in the
blood due to excessive respiration
- due to hyperventilation, anxiety, fear, or mechanical ventilation
Signs and Symptoms:
- lethargy, confusion, or light headedness
- nausea and vomiting
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
