PSE 212 Final - Practice Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2026
Relative bonded area (RBA) can be described as: - Answers The bonded surface of the fibers divided by
the total fiber surface.
A sheet that is 100 cm^2 has a mass of 1 grams. What is the grammage of the sheet? - Answers 100.00
Which theory is used to calculate the breaking length of a paper sheet? - Answers Page Equation
Increasing the amount of softwood fiber in the sheet is a good way to increase the z-direction tensile
strength (ZDT). - Answers False
The perception of tissue softness is a purely mechanical property? - Answers False
Light scattering is used to measure the overall density the paper sheet and is effective in predicting the
thickness of paper. - Answers False
For the piece of equipment below, what is its name and how much pulp is used per run? - Answers PFI
Mill and 240 Grams at 10 % consistency
When a paper sheet is wet pressed more the density increases. This lowers the opacity of the paper
sheet. Why does it lower the opacity? - Answers The opacity decreases because air voids are removed
from the internal structure of the sheet. This reduces the number of surfaces the light can scatter off of
and thus the opacity goes down.
A paperboard is being used to create a box. The wall of the box must 7.0 cm high, and the paperboard
has a thickness of 0.28 mm and elastic modulus of 1.7 GPa. What is the critical load in pounds that can
be applied to the wall of the paper board per inch - Answers 0.011
To increase the tear strength, which of the following would be the best option: - Answers Increase
softwood content, lower the amount of refining and increase the basis weight.
Specifications are created without interactions from the outside. - Answers False
Draw in the dryer section of the paper machine greatly influence the directionality of paper, even more
than fiber orientation. - Answers True
There are two main drainage sections on the Fourdinier. They are _______________ and
____________________ section. - Answers Gravity and Vacuum
The dryline is located where? - Answers Fourdrinier Table
Orthotropic is a term used to describe __________. - Answers the directional properties of paper
Diffuse illumination is useful because it _____________. - Answers it eliminates the influence of
directionality.
, Refining tends to decrease the density of the paper sheet. - Answers False
The variable "R" refers to what properties when speaking about optical properties? - Answers
Reflectance
Which of the following removes contaminants from recycled paper and is located in the pulper? -
Answers ragger
Which of the following is the largest source of yield loss when recycling printing and writing grades? -
Answers fillers
Shives in brownstock are mostly removed in the _______ process - Answers screening
What type of additive is used to improve sheet smoothness and opacity? - Answers fillers
During this test, we are measuring the amount of ___________ required to fracture the sheet by
_____________ a certain distance. - Answers Force, Tearing.
(Swinging tear test machine)
A fire starts in the lab. True or False. You should try to put out the fire. - Answers False
When we add softwood fibers to a paper sheet, we expect the following changes in paper properties. -
Answers Decrease in smoothness, formation (more flocs), opacity. increase in tensile strength, burst
strength, tear strength.
The value of the Student's T-distribution when compared to the normal distribution is: - Answers The
Student's T-Distribution allows you to make estimate of confidence when you do not know the actual
standard deviation of the population.
A tissue sheet has a grammage of 20 g/m^2. The sheet is made of fiber with the following average
properties: length = 1.4 mm, width = 35 micrometers, and coarseness = 185 mg/km. On average, how
many fiber would you expect to find in an area of 1 mm^2 for this sheet? - Answers 77.22
The area indicated by the arrow in the image below would be called the ___________ area.
(two overlapping bell curves - interference and signal) - Answers no decision
Which of the following could be done to increase the scattering coefficient of a sheet of paper? -
Answers Increase the filler content and the pore volume.
You are trying to determine the formation of a tissue sheet with a grammage of 40. You have an
inspection areas of 1 mm^2. You determine that there are 100 fibers per square millimeter on average.
What formation index (FI) would you calculate with an inspection area of 1 mm^2? - Answers 0.1
Relative bonded area (RBA) can be described as: - Answers The bonded surface of the fibers divided by
the total fiber surface.
A sheet that is 100 cm^2 has a mass of 1 grams. What is the grammage of the sheet? - Answers 100.00
Which theory is used to calculate the breaking length of a paper sheet? - Answers Page Equation
Increasing the amount of softwood fiber in the sheet is a good way to increase the z-direction tensile
strength (ZDT). - Answers False
The perception of tissue softness is a purely mechanical property? - Answers False
Light scattering is used to measure the overall density the paper sheet and is effective in predicting the
thickness of paper. - Answers False
For the piece of equipment below, what is its name and how much pulp is used per run? - Answers PFI
Mill and 240 Grams at 10 % consistency
When a paper sheet is wet pressed more the density increases. This lowers the opacity of the paper
sheet. Why does it lower the opacity? - Answers The opacity decreases because air voids are removed
from the internal structure of the sheet. This reduces the number of surfaces the light can scatter off of
and thus the opacity goes down.
A paperboard is being used to create a box. The wall of the box must 7.0 cm high, and the paperboard
has a thickness of 0.28 mm and elastic modulus of 1.7 GPa. What is the critical load in pounds that can
be applied to the wall of the paper board per inch - Answers 0.011
To increase the tear strength, which of the following would be the best option: - Answers Increase
softwood content, lower the amount of refining and increase the basis weight.
Specifications are created without interactions from the outside. - Answers False
Draw in the dryer section of the paper machine greatly influence the directionality of paper, even more
than fiber orientation. - Answers True
There are two main drainage sections on the Fourdinier. They are _______________ and
____________________ section. - Answers Gravity and Vacuum
The dryline is located where? - Answers Fourdrinier Table
Orthotropic is a term used to describe __________. - Answers the directional properties of paper
Diffuse illumination is useful because it _____________. - Answers it eliminates the influence of
directionality.
, Refining tends to decrease the density of the paper sheet. - Answers False
The variable "R" refers to what properties when speaking about optical properties? - Answers
Reflectance
Which of the following removes contaminants from recycled paper and is located in the pulper? -
Answers ragger
Which of the following is the largest source of yield loss when recycling printing and writing grades? -
Answers fillers
Shives in brownstock are mostly removed in the _______ process - Answers screening
What type of additive is used to improve sheet smoothness and opacity? - Answers fillers
During this test, we are measuring the amount of ___________ required to fracture the sheet by
_____________ a certain distance. - Answers Force, Tearing.
(Swinging tear test machine)
A fire starts in the lab. True or False. You should try to put out the fire. - Answers False
When we add softwood fibers to a paper sheet, we expect the following changes in paper properties. -
Answers Decrease in smoothness, formation (more flocs), opacity. increase in tensile strength, burst
strength, tear strength.
The value of the Student's T-distribution when compared to the normal distribution is: - Answers The
Student's T-Distribution allows you to make estimate of confidence when you do not know the actual
standard deviation of the population.
A tissue sheet has a grammage of 20 g/m^2. The sheet is made of fiber with the following average
properties: length = 1.4 mm, width = 35 micrometers, and coarseness = 185 mg/km. On average, how
many fiber would you expect to find in an area of 1 mm^2 for this sheet? - Answers 77.22
The area indicated by the arrow in the image below would be called the ___________ area.
(two overlapping bell curves - interference and signal) - Answers no decision
Which of the following could be done to increase the scattering coefficient of a sheet of paper? -
Answers Increase the filler content and the pore volume.
You are trying to determine the formation of a tissue sheet with a grammage of 40. You have an
inspection areas of 1 mm^2. You determine that there are 100 fibers per square millimeter on average.
What formation index (FI) would you calculate with an inspection area of 1 mm^2? - Answers 0.1
