Musculoskeletal A- Final Exam
Questions with All Rationales 2026-2027
Updated.
voluntary muscle and 5 types of connective tissue - Answer What is the musculoskeletal
system composed of?
cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and bursae (bones) - Answer What are the different types
of connective tissue in our body?
protect organs, provide support/stability, allow coordinated movement - Answer What is the
purpose of the musculoskeletal system?
support, protection (of underlying organs/tissue), voluntary movement (bones act as levers for
muscles, which move as a result of muscle contraction), blood cell production (RBC and WBC),
mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus) - Answer What are the specific functions of bone?
it continually changes form and composition - Answer Bone is a dynamic tissue. What does
this mean?
collagen; calcium, phosphate - Answer What organic material in in bone? inorganic?
cortical and cancellous - Answer What are the 2 structural ways to classify bone?
cortical - Answer bone that is compact and dense is:
cancellous - Answer bone that is spongy is:
Haversian systems - Answer What cylindrical structural units in cortical bone contain the blood
vessels?
filled with red/yellow marrow (blood passes through this marrow to reach bone cells) - Answer
How is cancellous bone different than cortical bone?
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts - Answer What are the 3 types of bone cells?
, osteoblasts - Answer bone cells that synthesize organic bone matrix (collagen) and are the
basic-bone forming cells
osteocytes - Answer mature bone cells
osteoclasts - Answer bone cells that participate in bone remodeling by assisting with
breakdown of tissue
bone remodeling - Answer the removal of old bone by osteoclasts and deposition of new bone
by osteoblasts (ossification).
epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphyseal plate, and periosteum - Answer What are the
structural components of a long bone?
epiphysis - Answer the widened area at the end of a long bone, composed primarily of
cancellous bone; the primary location of muscle attachment
wide base allows weight distribution and provides joint stability - Answer What is the function
of the epiphysis?
articular cartilage - Answer connective tissue on the ends of the epiphysis that provide a
smooth, low friction surface for joint movement
diaphysis - Answer the main shaft of a long bone, that provides structural support and is
composed of compact bone
allow it to withstand bending and twisting forces - Answer How does having a tubular
structure benefit the diaphysis?
metaphysis - Answer the flared area of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis;
composed of cancellous bone
epiphyseal plate (growth plate) - Answer the cartilagenous area between the epiphysis and
the metaphysis; when chondrocyte formation in this area ceases, it ossifies and the epiphysis
and metaphysis become joined
periosteum - Answer fibrous connective tissue covering bone, penetrated by tiny blood
vessels; does *not* cover the articular surfaces of long bone
Questions with All Rationales 2026-2027
Updated.
voluntary muscle and 5 types of connective tissue - Answer What is the musculoskeletal
system composed of?
cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and bursae (bones) - Answer What are the different types
of connective tissue in our body?
protect organs, provide support/stability, allow coordinated movement - Answer What is the
purpose of the musculoskeletal system?
support, protection (of underlying organs/tissue), voluntary movement (bones act as levers for
muscles, which move as a result of muscle contraction), blood cell production (RBC and WBC),
mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus) - Answer What are the specific functions of bone?
it continually changes form and composition - Answer Bone is a dynamic tissue. What does
this mean?
collagen; calcium, phosphate - Answer What organic material in in bone? inorganic?
cortical and cancellous - Answer What are the 2 structural ways to classify bone?
cortical - Answer bone that is compact and dense is:
cancellous - Answer bone that is spongy is:
Haversian systems - Answer What cylindrical structural units in cortical bone contain the blood
vessels?
filled with red/yellow marrow (blood passes through this marrow to reach bone cells) - Answer
How is cancellous bone different than cortical bone?
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts - Answer What are the 3 types of bone cells?
, osteoblasts - Answer bone cells that synthesize organic bone matrix (collagen) and are the
basic-bone forming cells
osteocytes - Answer mature bone cells
osteoclasts - Answer bone cells that participate in bone remodeling by assisting with
breakdown of tissue
bone remodeling - Answer the removal of old bone by osteoclasts and deposition of new bone
by osteoblasts (ossification).
epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphyseal plate, and periosteum - Answer What are the
structural components of a long bone?
epiphysis - Answer the widened area at the end of a long bone, composed primarily of
cancellous bone; the primary location of muscle attachment
wide base allows weight distribution and provides joint stability - Answer What is the function
of the epiphysis?
articular cartilage - Answer connective tissue on the ends of the epiphysis that provide a
smooth, low friction surface for joint movement
diaphysis - Answer the main shaft of a long bone, that provides structural support and is
composed of compact bone
allow it to withstand bending and twisting forces - Answer How does having a tubular
structure benefit the diaphysis?
metaphysis - Answer the flared area of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis;
composed of cancellous bone
epiphyseal plate (growth plate) - Answer the cartilagenous area between the epiphysis and
the metaphysis; when chondrocyte formation in this area ceases, it ossifies and the epiphysis
and metaphysis become joined
periosteum - Answer fibrous connective tissue covering bone, penetrated by tiny blood
vessels; does *not* cover the articular surfaces of long bone
