THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
FINAL EXAM FULLY SOLVED 2026-2027
SET.
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM - Answer The musculoskeletal system consists of muscle,
bones, bone marrow, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bursae
The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones and more than 600 muscles.
Joints are located where two or more bones meet and contain cartilage and bursa
Functions of the Musculoskeletal System - Answer Movement, posture, joint stability, and heat
production.
Provide a framework for the body, protect the soft body parts such as the brain, store calcium,
and produce blood cells.
The organs and structures of the musculoskeletal system work together to protect, support, and
move the body.
Bone Structure - Answer periosteum: outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
compact bone: dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
cancellous (spongy) bone: contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of
compact bone
endosteum: membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
diaphysis: shaft of the long bones
epiphysis: ends of the long bone
bone marrow: material found in the cavities of bones
red marrow: thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of
blood cell formation)
, yellow marrow: soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
Skeletal Bones - Answer maxilla: upper jawbone
vertebral column: made up of bones called vertebrae (pl.) or vertebra (sing.) through which the
spinal cord runs. It protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides points of
attachment for ribs and muscles.
cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): first set of 7, forming the neck
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12): second set of 12 vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5): third set of 5 larger vertebrae; forms the inward curve of spine
sacrum: next 5 vertebrae, which fuse together
coccyx: 4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
lamina: part of the vertebral arch
clavicle (2): collarbone
scapula (2): shoulder blade
sternum: breastbone
upper extremities: arm and hand bones
humerus (2) carpals (16)
ulna (2) metacarpals (10)
radius (2) phalanges (28)
mandible - Answer lower jawbone
pelvic bones (three pairs fused together - Answer pelvic bones (three pairs fused together
FINAL EXAM FULLY SOLVED 2026-2027
SET.
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM - Answer The musculoskeletal system consists of muscle,
bones, bone marrow, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bursae
The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones and more than 600 muscles.
Joints are located where two or more bones meet and contain cartilage and bursa
Functions of the Musculoskeletal System - Answer Movement, posture, joint stability, and heat
production.
Provide a framework for the body, protect the soft body parts such as the brain, store calcium,
and produce blood cells.
The organs and structures of the musculoskeletal system work together to protect, support, and
move the body.
Bone Structure - Answer periosteum: outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
compact bone: dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
cancellous (spongy) bone: contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of
compact bone
endosteum: membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
diaphysis: shaft of the long bones
epiphysis: ends of the long bone
bone marrow: material found in the cavities of bones
red marrow: thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of
blood cell formation)
, yellow marrow: soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
Skeletal Bones - Answer maxilla: upper jawbone
vertebral column: made up of bones called vertebrae (pl.) or vertebra (sing.) through which the
spinal cord runs. It protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides points of
attachment for ribs and muscles.
cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): first set of 7, forming the neck
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12): second set of 12 vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5): third set of 5 larger vertebrae; forms the inward curve of spine
sacrum: next 5 vertebrae, which fuse together
coccyx: 4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
lamina: part of the vertebral arch
clavicle (2): collarbone
scapula (2): shoulder blade
sternum: breastbone
upper extremities: arm and hand bones
humerus (2) carpals (16)
ulna (2) metacarpals (10)
radius (2) phalanges (28)
mandible - Answer lower jawbone
pelvic bones (three pairs fused together - Answer pelvic bones (three pairs fused together
