NR 462 EXAM 2 ACID-BASE PAIN IV QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| NR 462 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What is true when considering Acid-Base Balance? - correct answer ✔✔- The body normally maintains a
steady balance.
- Acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends on its hydrogen in (H+) concentration.
- The ratio between acid: base is 1:20
What three systems work together to maintain this acid-base balance? - correct answer ✔✔Buffer
system
Respiratory system
Renal system
Buffering system - correct answer ✔✔Act by chemically changing strong acids into weaker ones or bind
to neutralize them.
carbonic acid-bicarbonate system - correct answer ✔✔A system that regulate pH by using H2CO3 and
HCO3 to donate or accept a H+ ion, in order to maintain a normal blood pH
Phosphate buffer system - correct answer ✔✔Consists of dihydrogen phosphate ions as the hydrogen
ion donor (acid) and hydrogen phosphate ion as the ion acceptor (base). The movement of H+ions helps
maintain blood pH.
Protein buffer system - correct answer ✔✔Intracellular and extracellular process of using amino acids to
accept or release H+ ions to maintain blood pH
Hemoglobin buffer system - correct answer ✔✔Use of carbaminohemoglobin in the venous circulation
to buffer blood pH
Normal Arterial Blood Gas Values: - correct answer ✔✔7.35-7.45pH
Normal PaCO2 Values: - correct answer ✔✔35-45 mmHg
Normal HCO3- Values: - correct answer ✔✔22-26 mEq/L
Normal PaO2 Values: - correct answer ✔✔80-100 mmHg
Normal SaO2 Values: - correct answer ✔✔95%
CO - 90%
The lungs help maintain normal pH by excreting ______ and _______ by disassociating _______ - correct
answer ✔✔CO2
Water
H2CO3
, True or false: Buffer system is the primary regulator if acid-base balance and can only regulate pH when
respiratory and renal function is adequate? - correct answer ✔✔True
What is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance? - correct answer ✔✔- Excrete or retain hydrogen
ions
- Reabsorb or eliminate bicarbonate
- Combine hydrogen ion with ammonia to form ammonium
What is the relationship between K+ and H+ ? (buffering system) - correct answer ✔✔As hydrogen ions
moves into the cell potassium ions moves out of the cell. And as hydrogen ions move out of the cell
potassium ions moves into the cell
When the client reports back pain of "10" on a 1-10 scale, what is the appropriate nursing action? -
correct answer ✔✔Acknowledge the pain as the client reports it.
The client's pulse rate is 64, respirations 16, and blood pressure 120/80. The client reports pain and
wants the medication. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? - correct answer
✔✔Administer the pain medication.
Which drug has the potential to reverse the respiratory-depressant effect of an opioid? - correct answer
✔✔Naloxone (Narcan)
The nurse's most recent assessment reveals that the client is drowsy and drifting off during conversation
with the nurse; however, the client can be aroused. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? -
correct answer ✔✔Report this finding to the primary care provider and seek a decrease in the client's
opioid dosing.
What would be the most appropriate assessment for a client with cancer who is experiencing pain? -
correct answer ✔✔the client's pain based on a pain rating
The triage nurse is assessing a 5-year-old client who has come to the emergency department with a
caregiver after falling off of a skateboard: pain assessment tool? - correct answer ✔✔Wong-Baker
FACES® scale
The wife of a client with cancer is concerned that her husband's breakthrough doses of morphine have
recently needed to be larger and more frequent in order for him to achieve pain relief. Client is likely
showing what effects? - correct answer ✔✔Tolerance
A client prescribed pain medication around the clock experiences pain 1 hour before the next scheduled
dose of the pain medication is due: what is the appropriate action by the nurse? - correct answer
✔✔Assess medication administration record (MAR) for breakthrough pain orders.
The nurse is caring for a client who has had unrelieved back pain for 3 years; what will the nurse
document? - correct answer ✔✔- Somatic
- Chronic
The nurse is caring for a client who reports having "kidney pain from a urinary tract infection" for 3 days;
what will the nurse document? - correct answer ✔✔- Visceral
| NR 462 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What is true when considering Acid-Base Balance? - correct answer ✔✔- The body normally maintains a
steady balance.
- Acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends on its hydrogen in (H+) concentration.
- The ratio between acid: base is 1:20
What three systems work together to maintain this acid-base balance? - correct answer ✔✔Buffer
system
Respiratory system
Renal system
Buffering system - correct answer ✔✔Act by chemically changing strong acids into weaker ones or bind
to neutralize them.
carbonic acid-bicarbonate system - correct answer ✔✔A system that regulate pH by using H2CO3 and
HCO3 to donate or accept a H+ ion, in order to maintain a normal blood pH
Phosphate buffer system - correct answer ✔✔Consists of dihydrogen phosphate ions as the hydrogen
ion donor (acid) and hydrogen phosphate ion as the ion acceptor (base). The movement of H+ions helps
maintain blood pH.
Protein buffer system - correct answer ✔✔Intracellular and extracellular process of using amino acids to
accept or release H+ ions to maintain blood pH
Hemoglobin buffer system - correct answer ✔✔Use of carbaminohemoglobin in the venous circulation
to buffer blood pH
Normal Arterial Blood Gas Values: - correct answer ✔✔7.35-7.45pH
Normal PaCO2 Values: - correct answer ✔✔35-45 mmHg
Normal HCO3- Values: - correct answer ✔✔22-26 mEq/L
Normal PaO2 Values: - correct answer ✔✔80-100 mmHg
Normal SaO2 Values: - correct answer ✔✔95%
CO - 90%
The lungs help maintain normal pH by excreting ______ and _______ by disassociating _______ - correct
answer ✔✔CO2
Water
H2CO3
, True or false: Buffer system is the primary regulator if acid-base balance and can only regulate pH when
respiratory and renal function is adequate? - correct answer ✔✔True
What is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance? - correct answer ✔✔- Excrete or retain hydrogen
ions
- Reabsorb or eliminate bicarbonate
- Combine hydrogen ion with ammonia to form ammonium
What is the relationship between K+ and H+ ? (buffering system) - correct answer ✔✔As hydrogen ions
moves into the cell potassium ions moves out of the cell. And as hydrogen ions move out of the cell
potassium ions moves into the cell
When the client reports back pain of "10" on a 1-10 scale, what is the appropriate nursing action? -
correct answer ✔✔Acknowledge the pain as the client reports it.
The client's pulse rate is 64, respirations 16, and blood pressure 120/80. The client reports pain and
wants the medication. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? - correct answer
✔✔Administer the pain medication.
Which drug has the potential to reverse the respiratory-depressant effect of an opioid? - correct answer
✔✔Naloxone (Narcan)
The nurse's most recent assessment reveals that the client is drowsy and drifting off during conversation
with the nurse; however, the client can be aroused. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? -
correct answer ✔✔Report this finding to the primary care provider and seek a decrease in the client's
opioid dosing.
What would be the most appropriate assessment for a client with cancer who is experiencing pain? -
correct answer ✔✔the client's pain based on a pain rating
The triage nurse is assessing a 5-year-old client who has come to the emergency department with a
caregiver after falling off of a skateboard: pain assessment tool? - correct answer ✔✔Wong-Baker
FACES® scale
The wife of a client with cancer is concerned that her husband's breakthrough doses of morphine have
recently needed to be larger and more frequent in order for him to achieve pain relief. Client is likely
showing what effects? - correct answer ✔✔Tolerance
A client prescribed pain medication around the clock experiences pain 1 hour before the next scheduled
dose of the pain medication is due: what is the appropriate action by the nurse? - correct answer
✔✔Assess medication administration record (MAR) for breakthrough pain orders.
The nurse is caring for a client who has had unrelieved back pain for 3 years; what will the nurse
document? - correct answer ✔✔- Somatic
- Chronic
The nurse is caring for a client who reports having "kidney pain from a urinary tract infection" for 3 days;
what will the nurse document? - correct answer ✔✔- Visceral
