NR462 MED SURG EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NR462 MED SURG EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Acute vs Chronic Illness - ANS ✔✔- Acute: rapid onset, short duration, return to previous level of
function after treatment (cold, flu, GI virus)
- Chronic: prolonged, no cure, irreversible changes, required rehab/medical management (COPD,
diabetes, stroke)
Chronic Illnesses - ANS ✔✔- Accounts for 70% of deaths in the US
- Can be due to lack of exercise, lack of fruits & veggies, tobacco & alcohol use
- Approx 10% of Americans experience major ADL limitations
Chronic Illness Trajectory - ANS ✔✔- Onset: symptom emergence/diagnosis
- Course: overlapping phases of stability and exacerbations
- Trajectory: downward - each exacerbation
- Variability: individual differences
What is health promotion? - ANS ✔✔Supporting healthy behavior, helping individuals, families, and
communities improve health and prevent illness.
What are the three levels of health promotion? - ANS ✔✔Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
Primary prevention - ANS ✔✔Vaccines, nutrition education, smoking cessation, safe sex.
Secondary prevention - ANS ✔✔Early detection and treatment, such as BP screening, mammograms,
pap smears, and colonoscopies.
Tertiary prevention - ANS ✔✔Restoring function/reducing complications, such as cardio rehab after MI,
diabetes management, support groups for chronic illness, PT after injuries
Clinical Judgement Model steps - ANS ✔✔1. Recognize cues
2. Analyse cues
3. Prioritize hypothesis
4. Generate solutions
5. Take action
6. Evaluation
Nursing diagnosis vs medical diagnosis - ANS ✔✔- Nursing: holistic, person-centered, dynamic, nurse-
driven, aimed at symptom relief, adaption, wellbeing, safety, and function
- Medical: Identify, diagnose, and treat disease, determine severity, stable overtime, disease-centered
PES/D - ANS ✔✔- Problem, Etiology, Signs/Symptoms (Defining characteristics)
- Problem, related to, contributing factor, as evidenced by, system
, ABCD - ANS ✔✔- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- 'Da Brain' or Disability
Generate Solutions - ANS ✔✔- Identify strengths and abilities
- Include pt and caregiver
Priority goals - ANS ✔✔- Gain sense of control
- Feel safe, create safe environment
- Reduce stress
- Manage symptoms/avoid complications
Short Term vs Long Term goals - ANS ✔✔- Short term: hours to days, immediate, measure quick progress
- Long term: days/weeks/longer, overall recovery, extended to home/rehab
Planning Care Considerations - ANS ✔✔- Assistive devices
- Meds
- Safety/Falls
- Depression
- Sleep
- Restraints
- Readmission risk
- Financial
Changes of Older Adulthood - ANS ✔✔- Physical strength/health
- Retirement/income
- Health of spouse
- Relating to one's age group
- Social roles
- Living arrangements
- Family & role reversal
Physical Changes of Aging - ANS ✔✔- Organ systems decline
- Hydration is difficult
- Environment adaption
- MSK decline
Aging myths - ANS ✔✔- Old age starts at 65
- Most older adults need care facilities
- Older adults are sick/deteriorate mentally
- Older adults aren't interested in sex
- Older adults are lonely
- Bladder problems are normal
- Aggressive treatment is pointless
Fluid content % - ANS ✔✔- Older adult: 40-50%
- Healthy female: 45-60%
NR462 MED SURG EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Acute vs Chronic Illness - ANS ✔✔- Acute: rapid onset, short duration, return to previous level of
function after treatment (cold, flu, GI virus)
- Chronic: prolonged, no cure, irreversible changes, required rehab/medical management (COPD,
diabetes, stroke)
Chronic Illnesses - ANS ✔✔- Accounts for 70% of deaths in the US
- Can be due to lack of exercise, lack of fruits & veggies, tobacco & alcohol use
- Approx 10% of Americans experience major ADL limitations
Chronic Illness Trajectory - ANS ✔✔- Onset: symptom emergence/diagnosis
- Course: overlapping phases of stability and exacerbations
- Trajectory: downward - each exacerbation
- Variability: individual differences
What is health promotion? - ANS ✔✔Supporting healthy behavior, helping individuals, families, and
communities improve health and prevent illness.
What are the three levels of health promotion? - ANS ✔✔Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
Primary prevention - ANS ✔✔Vaccines, nutrition education, smoking cessation, safe sex.
Secondary prevention - ANS ✔✔Early detection and treatment, such as BP screening, mammograms,
pap smears, and colonoscopies.
Tertiary prevention - ANS ✔✔Restoring function/reducing complications, such as cardio rehab after MI,
diabetes management, support groups for chronic illness, PT after injuries
Clinical Judgement Model steps - ANS ✔✔1. Recognize cues
2. Analyse cues
3. Prioritize hypothesis
4. Generate solutions
5. Take action
6. Evaluation
Nursing diagnosis vs medical diagnosis - ANS ✔✔- Nursing: holistic, person-centered, dynamic, nurse-
driven, aimed at symptom relief, adaption, wellbeing, safety, and function
- Medical: Identify, diagnose, and treat disease, determine severity, stable overtime, disease-centered
PES/D - ANS ✔✔- Problem, Etiology, Signs/Symptoms (Defining characteristics)
- Problem, related to, contributing factor, as evidenced by, system
, ABCD - ANS ✔✔- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- 'Da Brain' or Disability
Generate Solutions - ANS ✔✔- Identify strengths and abilities
- Include pt and caregiver
Priority goals - ANS ✔✔- Gain sense of control
- Feel safe, create safe environment
- Reduce stress
- Manage symptoms/avoid complications
Short Term vs Long Term goals - ANS ✔✔- Short term: hours to days, immediate, measure quick progress
- Long term: days/weeks/longer, overall recovery, extended to home/rehab
Planning Care Considerations - ANS ✔✔- Assistive devices
- Meds
- Safety/Falls
- Depression
- Sleep
- Restraints
- Readmission risk
- Financial
Changes of Older Adulthood - ANS ✔✔- Physical strength/health
- Retirement/income
- Health of spouse
- Relating to one's age group
- Social roles
- Living arrangements
- Family & role reversal
Physical Changes of Aging - ANS ✔✔- Organ systems decline
- Hydration is difficult
- Environment adaption
- MSK decline
Aging myths - ANS ✔✔- Old age starts at 65
- Most older adults need care facilities
- Older adults are sick/deteriorate mentally
- Older adults aren't interested in sex
- Older adults are lonely
- Bladder problems are normal
- Aggressive treatment is pointless
Fluid content % - ANS ✔✔- Older adult: 40-50%
- Healthy female: 45-60%
