NU 578 Controlled Substances Chapters 21-22, 24, 29-35 Questions
and Answers
Question 1.
simple partial seizure
Correct Answer: no loss of consciousness Patient may experience discrete motor
symptoms (i.e., twitching of thumb), sensory symptoms (e.g., local numbness;
auditory, visual, or olfactory hallucinations), autonomic symptoms (nausea,
flushing, salivation, urinary incontinence), or psychoillusory symptoms (feelings
of unreality, fear, or depression). Sz persist for 20 to 90 seconds
Question 2.
complex partial seizure
Correct Answer: Sz is characterized by impaired consciousness and lack of
responsiveness. At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed
gaze. This state is followed by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs
repetitive, purposeless movements, such as lip smaking or hand wringing. Sz
last 45 to 90 seconds
Question 3.
Secondarily generalized seizures
Correct Answer: simple or complex partial seizures evolving to a generalized
seizure
Question 4.
Generalized seizures
Correct Answer: May be convulsive or nonconvulsive. As a rule, they produce
immediate loss of consciousness.
Question 5.
tonic-clonic seizure
Correct Answer: Neuronal discharge spread throughout both hemispheres. Sz
manifest as major convulsions, characterized by a period of muscle rigidity
(tonic phase) followed by synchronous muscle jerks (clonic phase). Are
accompanied by marked impairment of consciousness and are followed by a
period of CNS depression, referred to as the postictal state. The sz itself
typically lasts 90 seconds or less.
Question 6.
Absence seizures (petit mal)
Correct Answer: 10 to 30 sec loss of consciousness with eyelid fluttering,
abruptly stop activity Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
, Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years.
Question 7.
Atonic seizure (drop attack)
Correct Answer: generalized seizure characterized by sudden loss of muscle
tone and strength; may cause the head to drop suddenly, objects to fall from
the hands, or the legs to lose strength, with falling and potential injury typically
seen in children
Question 8.
myoclonic seizure
Correct Answer: sudden jerk of the body or extremities lasts for just 1 second
Question 9.
status epilepticus
Correct Answer: a seizure that persists for 15-30 minutes or longer or a series of
recurrent seizures during which the pt does not regain consciousness.
Question 10.
febrile seizures
Correct Answer: Seizures that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in
children 6 months to 5 years.
Question 11.
How antiseizure drugs work
Correct Answer: 5 Basic mechanisms: Suppression of sodium influx, Suppression
of Calcium influx, promotion of potassium efflux, blockade of receptors for
glutamate, and potentiation or increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Question 12.
suppression of sodium influx
Correct Answer: Dilantin (Phenytoin), Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine These drugs
reversibly bind to sodium channels while they are in the inactivated state and
thereby prolong channel inactivation. By delaying return to the active state,
these drugs decrease the ability of neurons to fire at high frequency. As a
result, sz that depend on high-frequency discharge are suppressed. other drugs:
exlicarbazepine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, rufinamide, zonisamide,
topiramate
Question 13.
suppression of calcium influx
Correct Answer: Ethosuximide (Zarontin) In axon terminals, influx of calcium
and Answers
Question 1.
simple partial seizure
Correct Answer: no loss of consciousness Patient may experience discrete motor
symptoms (i.e., twitching of thumb), sensory symptoms (e.g., local numbness;
auditory, visual, or olfactory hallucinations), autonomic symptoms (nausea,
flushing, salivation, urinary incontinence), or psychoillusory symptoms (feelings
of unreality, fear, or depression). Sz persist for 20 to 90 seconds
Question 2.
complex partial seizure
Correct Answer: Sz is characterized by impaired consciousness and lack of
responsiveness. At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed
gaze. This state is followed by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs
repetitive, purposeless movements, such as lip smaking or hand wringing. Sz
last 45 to 90 seconds
Question 3.
Secondarily generalized seizures
Correct Answer: simple or complex partial seizures evolving to a generalized
seizure
Question 4.
Generalized seizures
Correct Answer: May be convulsive or nonconvulsive. As a rule, they produce
immediate loss of consciousness.
Question 5.
tonic-clonic seizure
Correct Answer: Neuronal discharge spread throughout both hemispheres. Sz
manifest as major convulsions, characterized by a period of muscle rigidity
(tonic phase) followed by synchronous muscle jerks (clonic phase). Are
accompanied by marked impairment of consciousness and are followed by a
period of CNS depression, referred to as the postictal state. The sz itself
typically lasts 90 seconds or less.
Question 6.
Absence seizures (petit mal)
Correct Answer: 10 to 30 sec loss of consciousness with eyelid fluttering,
abruptly stop activity Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
, Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years.
Question 7.
Atonic seizure (drop attack)
Correct Answer: generalized seizure characterized by sudden loss of muscle
tone and strength; may cause the head to drop suddenly, objects to fall from
the hands, or the legs to lose strength, with falling and potential injury typically
seen in children
Question 8.
myoclonic seizure
Correct Answer: sudden jerk of the body or extremities lasts for just 1 second
Question 9.
status epilepticus
Correct Answer: a seizure that persists for 15-30 minutes or longer or a series of
recurrent seizures during which the pt does not regain consciousness.
Question 10.
febrile seizures
Correct Answer: Seizures that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in
children 6 months to 5 years.
Question 11.
How antiseizure drugs work
Correct Answer: 5 Basic mechanisms: Suppression of sodium influx, Suppression
of Calcium influx, promotion of potassium efflux, blockade of receptors for
glutamate, and potentiation or increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Question 12.
suppression of sodium influx
Correct Answer: Dilantin (Phenytoin), Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine These drugs
reversibly bind to sodium channels while they are in the inactivated state and
thereby prolong channel inactivation. By delaying return to the active state,
these drugs decrease the ability of neurons to fire at high frequency. As a
result, sz that depend on high-frequency discharge are suppressed. other drugs:
exlicarbazepine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, rufinamide, zonisamide,
topiramate
Question 13.
suppression of calcium influx
Correct Answer: Ethosuximide (Zarontin) In axon terminals, influx of calcium
