NU 545 Unit 1 Pt 1 Questions and Answers
Question 1.
What is metabolic absorption?
Correct Answer: The process by which cells take in nutrients, ions, and other
molecules from their environment to support energy production and cellular
functions.
Question 2.
What types of molecules are absorbed in metabolic absorption?
Correct Answer: Nutrients like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and
ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium.
Question 3.
What mechanisms are involved in metabolic absorption?
Correct Answer: Active transport (requires energy, like Na+/K+ ATPase pump)
and passive transport (diffusion or facilitated transport through ion channels).
Question 4.
How do cells absorb glucose?
Correct Answer: Glucose is transported into cells through glucose transporters
(GLUTs), primarily GLUT4, which is insulin-sensitive.
Question 5.
What role does potassium play in cell function?
Correct Answer: Potassium is essential for maintaining the resting membrane
potential and proper cellular function, and its movement across the membrane
helps with electrical excitability in nerve and muscle cells.
Question 6.
What happens in the Na+/K+ ATPase pump fails?
Correct Answer: The cell cannot maintain ion gradients, leading to sodium
accumulation inside the cell, causing cell swelling and potentially cell death.
Question 7.
What are the consequences of metabolic absorption failure?
Correct Answer: Disruptions can lead to cellular dysfunction, energy deficits,
and electrolyte imbalances, contributing to diseases like heart arrhythmias,
muscle weakness, or neurological impairments.
Question 8.
, What is active transport?
Correct Answer: A process that requires energy (usually ATP) to move molecules
across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient (e.g., Na+/K+
ATPase pump).
Question 9.
What is passive transport?
Correct Answer: Movement of molecules across the membrane without energy
expenditure, relying on concentration gradients (e.g., glucose transport via
GLUT4).
Question 10.
How does the body regular the absorption of ions?
Correct Answer: Ions are absorbed or released through specialized channels and
pumps (e.g., Na+/K+ pump, calcium channels) to maintain homeostasis and
cellular function.
Question 11.
What process uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction?
Correct Answer: oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain (ETC)
Question 12.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Correct Answer: In the inner mitochondrial membrane
Question 13.
What is the role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation?
Correct Answer: Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, combining with
electrons and protons (hydrogen ions) to form water (H₂O).
Question 14.
What are the products of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
Correct Answer: The products are ATP (via ATP synthase) and water (H₂O), as
oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen
Question 15.
What happens if oxygen is not available for the electron transport chain?
Correct Answer: Without oxygen, ATP production through oxidative
phosphorylation is impaired, leading to cellular injury or death (e.g., in
hypoxia).
Question 1.
What is metabolic absorption?
Correct Answer: The process by which cells take in nutrients, ions, and other
molecules from their environment to support energy production and cellular
functions.
Question 2.
What types of molecules are absorbed in metabolic absorption?
Correct Answer: Nutrients like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and
ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium.
Question 3.
What mechanisms are involved in metabolic absorption?
Correct Answer: Active transport (requires energy, like Na+/K+ ATPase pump)
and passive transport (diffusion or facilitated transport through ion channels).
Question 4.
How do cells absorb glucose?
Correct Answer: Glucose is transported into cells through glucose transporters
(GLUTs), primarily GLUT4, which is insulin-sensitive.
Question 5.
What role does potassium play in cell function?
Correct Answer: Potassium is essential for maintaining the resting membrane
potential and proper cellular function, and its movement across the membrane
helps with electrical excitability in nerve and muscle cells.
Question 6.
What happens in the Na+/K+ ATPase pump fails?
Correct Answer: The cell cannot maintain ion gradients, leading to sodium
accumulation inside the cell, causing cell swelling and potentially cell death.
Question 7.
What are the consequences of metabolic absorption failure?
Correct Answer: Disruptions can lead to cellular dysfunction, energy deficits,
and electrolyte imbalances, contributing to diseases like heart arrhythmias,
muscle weakness, or neurological impairments.
Question 8.
, What is active transport?
Correct Answer: A process that requires energy (usually ATP) to move molecules
across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient (e.g., Na+/K+
ATPase pump).
Question 9.
What is passive transport?
Correct Answer: Movement of molecules across the membrane without energy
expenditure, relying on concentration gradients (e.g., glucose transport via
GLUT4).
Question 10.
How does the body regular the absorption of ions?
Correct Answer: Ions are absorbed or released through specialized channels and
pumps (e.g., Na+/K+ pump, calcium channels) to maintain homeostasis and
cellular function.
Question 11.
What process uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction?
Correct Answer: oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain (ETC)
Question 12.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Correct Answer: In the inner mitochondrial membrane
Question 13.
What is the role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation?
Correct Answer: Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, combining with
electrons and protons (hydrogen ions) to form water (H₂O).
Question 14.
What are the products of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
Correct Answer: The products are ATP (via ATP synthase) and water (H₂O), as
oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen
Question 15.
What happens if oxygen is not available for the electron transport chain?
Correct Answer: Without oxygen, ATP production through oxidative
phosphorylation is impaired, leading to cellular injury or death (e.g., in
hypoxia).
