BIO-140 Exam 1 (Ch. 1,2,3) Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
Evolution
Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended
from ancient organisms (think mice's coats)
Biology
The scientific study of life
5 themes of thinking about life
1. Organization
2. Information
3. Energy and Matter
4. Interactions
5. Evolution
Reductionism
Reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
(downside: Incomplete view of life)
Emergent Properties
Novel properties that are absent from the preceding one; due to arrangement and interactions
of parts as complexity increases; they are not unique to life
Isolated components of living systems
the objects of study in a reductionist approach; lack a number of significant properties that
emerge at higher levels organization
,Why is it hard to study emergent properties?
Biological systems are far more complex
How do biologist explore emergent properties?
Using reductionism with system biology
System Biology
The exploration of the network of interactions that underlie the emergent properties of a
system
What can you find at each level?
Correlation between structure and function (think hummingbird wing anatomy)
Cell
The smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life
Global activities
Cumulative products of global functions including photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts in
leaf cells
Two main form of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles; smaller than eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic
, Contains membrane-enclosed organelles; some organelles, such as DNA containing nucleus
are found in cells of all; others are cell specific
Chromosomes
Contain genetic material in the form of DNA
Cells that are preparing to divide
Chromosomes may be visible using a dye that appears blue when bound to the DNA
Genetic material; DNA
Each chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of
genes, each section of the DNA of the chromosome
How are genes transmitted?
From parents, genes are the unit of inheritance; replication
Replication of DNA
Occurs during each round of cell division transmits copies of the DNA to what eventually
becomes trillions of cells in your body; genetic information is encoded by the DNA directed
for development
DNA molecule arrrangment
Made of two long strands arranged in a double helix
Four chemical building blocks (treat like 4 letter alphabet)
Adenine, Taurine, Cytosine, Guanine
Proteins role
Major players in the building and maintains the cell and carrying out its activities
Verified Correct Answers
Evolution
Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended
from ancient organisms (think mice's coats)
Biology
The scientific study of life
5 themes of thinking about life
1. Organization
2. Information
3. Energy and Matter
4. Interactions
5. Evolution
Reductionism
Reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
(downside: Incomplete view of life)
Emergent Properties
Novel properties that are absent from the preceding one; due to arrangement and interactions
of parts as complexity increases; they are not unique to life
Isolated components of living systems
the objects of study in a reductionist approach; lack a number of significant properties that
emerge at higher levels organization
,Why is it hard to study emergent properties?
Biological systems are far more complex
How do biologist explore emergent properties?
Using reductionism with system biology
System Biology
The exploration of the network of interactions that underlie the emergent properties of a
system
What can you find at each level?
Correlation between structure and function (think hummingbird wing anatomy)
Cell
The smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life
Global activities
Cumulative products of global functions including photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts in
leaf cells
Two main form of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles; smaller than eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic
, Contains membrane-enclosed organelles; some organelles, such as DNA containing nucleus
are found in cells of all; others are cell specific
Chromosomes
Contain genetic material in the form of DNA
Cells that are preparing to divide
Chromosomes may be visible using a dye that appears blue when bound to the DNA
Genetic material; DNA
Each chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of
genes, each section of the DNA of the chromosome
How are genes transmitted?
From parents, genes are the unit of inheritance; replication
Replication of DNA
Occurs during each round of cell division transmits copies of the DNA to what eventually
becomes trillions of cells in your body; genetic information is encoded by the DNA directed
for development
DNA molecule arrrangment
Made of two long strands arranged in a double helix
Four chemical building blocks (treat like 4 letter alphabet)
Adenine, Taurine, Cytosine, Guanine
Proteins role
Major players in the building and maintains the cell and carrying out its activities
