NR 605 EXAM 2: ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed Lisinopril. Which mechanism of action correctly
describes this medication?
A. Inhibition of the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
B. Direct inhibition of renin secretion
C. Antagonism of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor
D. Blockade of aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which works by inhibiting the
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, thereby preventing the conversion of Angiotensin I to the
potent vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II.
2. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to increase the risk of Digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
,C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypokalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia increases Digoxin binding to the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump, which can lead to toxicity even within therapeutic serum levels.
3. A patient is starting Atorvastatin (Lipitor). What is the primary mechanism by which statins
lower LDL cholesterol?
A. Activation of lipoprotein lipase in the periphery
B. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
C. Prevention of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
D. Binding of bile acids to prevent enterohepatic circulation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Statins competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-
limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increased LDL receptor
expression on hepatocytes.
4. Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with a history of Angioedema caused by
an ACE inhibitor?
A. Amlodipine
B. Losartan
, C. Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto)
D. Metoprolol
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Sacubitril/Valsartan is contraindicated in patients with a history
of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema due to the increased risk of recurrence.
5. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast. Which
medication should be held 48 hours after the procedure?
A. Glyburide
B. Pioglitazone
C. Metformin
D. Sitagliptin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin should be held prior to and for 48 hours after
contrast studies to prevent the development of lactic acidosis in the event of contrast-
induced nephropathy.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action of the SGLT2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin?
A. Stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
B. Inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
C. Reducing hepatic glucose production
PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed Lisinopril. Which mechanism of action correctly
describes this medication?
A. Inhibition of the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
B. Direct inhibition of renin secretion
C. Antagonism of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor
D. Blockade of aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which works by inhibiting the
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, thereby preventing the conversion of Angiotensin I to the
potent vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II.
2. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to increase the risk of Digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
,C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypokalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia increases Digoxin binding to the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump, which can lead to toxicity even within therapeutic serum levels.
3. A patient is starting Atorvastatin (Lipitor). What is the primary mechanism by which statins
lower LDL cholesterol?
A. Activation of lipoprotein lipase in the periphery
B. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
C. Prevention of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
D. Binding of bile acids to prevent enterohepatic circulation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Statins competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-
limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increased LDL receptor
expression on hepatocytes.
4. Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with a history of Angioedema caused by
an ACE inhibitor?
A. Amlodipine
B. Losartan
, C. Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto)
D. Metoprolol
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Sacubitril/Valsartan is contraindicated in patients with a history
of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema due to the increased risk of recurrence.
5. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast. Which
medication should be held 48 hours after the procedure?
A. Glyburide
B. Pioglitazone
C. Metformin
D. Sitagliptin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin should be held prior to and for 48 hours after
contrast studies to prevent the development of lactic acidosis in the event of contrast-
induced nephropathy.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action of the SGLT2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin?
A. Stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
B. Inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
C. Reducing hepatic glucose production
