BIOD 152 - HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY II COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. A patient presents with excessive thirst and frequent urination. Laboratory results show a
high plasma osmolarity but low urine osmolarity. Which hormone deficiency is most likely
responsible?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
D. Cortisol
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ADH deficiency (Diabetes Insipidus) prevents water
reabsorption in the collecting ducts, leading to dilute urine and high blood osmolarity.
2. Which of the following describes the ‘Bohr Effect’ regarding hemoglobin oxygen affinity?
A. High CO2 and low pH shift the curve to the right, decreasing affinity.
B. High pH and low CO2 shift the curve to the right, increasing affinity.
C. Temperature decrease shifts the curve to the right, decreasing affinity.
,D. Low 2,3-BPG levels decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Bohr effect states that increased CO2 and decreased pH
(acidic) reduce hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, facilitating its release in tissues.
3. During the cardiac cycle, when does the first heart sound (S1) occur?
A. At the beginning of atrial systole.
B. At the start of ventricular systole as the AV valves close.
C. During the isovolumetric relaxation phase.
D. When the semilunar valves close at the start of diastole.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: S1 is caused by the turbulence created by the closure of the
mitral and tricuspid (AV) valves at the onset of ventricular contraction.
4. What is the primary physiological role of the Enterogastric Reflex?
A. To stimulate gastric emptying into the duodenum.
B. To inhibit gastric motility and secretion to slow down emptying.
C. To increase the production of pancreatic enzymes.
D. To trigger the release of gastrin from the G cells.
Answer: B
, Conceptual Explanation: The enterogastric reflex is triggered by chyme entering the
duodenum, signaling the stomach to slow down to allow for proper digestion and
absorption.
5. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which enzyme converts Angiotensin I
to Angiotensin II?
A. Renin
B. Aldosterone synthase
C. ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)
D. Pepsin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE, primarily found in the pulmonary capillaries, converts
Angiotensin I into the potent vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II.
6. Which type of leukocyte is typically elevated during a parasitic worm infection or an
allergic reaction?
A. Eosinophils
B. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
Answer: A
PHYSIOLOGY II COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. A patient presents with excessive thirst and frequent urination. Laboratory results show a
high plasma osmolarity but low urine osmolarity. Which hormone deficiency is most likely
responsible?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
D. Cortisol
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ADH deficiency (Diabetes Insipidus) prevents water
reabsorption in the collecting ducts, leading to dilute urine and high blood osmolarity.
2. Which of the following describes the ‘Bohr Effect’ regarding hemoglobin oxygen affinity?
A. High CO2 and low pH shift the curve to the right, decreasing affinity.
B. High pH and low CO2 shift the curve to the right, increasing affinity.
C. Temperature decrease shifts the curve to the right, decreasing affinity.
,D. Low 2,3-BPG levels decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Bohr effect states that increased CO2 and decreased pH
(acidic) reduce hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, facilitating its release in tissues.
3. During the cardiac cycle, when does the first heart sound (S1) occur?
A. At the beginning of atrial systole.
B. At the start of ventricular systole as the AV valves close.
C. During the isovolumetric relaxation phase.
D. When the semilunar valves close at the start of diastole.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: S1 is caused by the turbulence created by the closure of the
mitral and tricuspid (AV) valves at the onset of ventricular contraction.
4. What is the primary physiological role of the Enterogastric Reflex?
A. To stimulate gastric emptying into the duodenum.
B. To inhibit gastric motility and secretion to slow down emptying.
C. To increase the production of pancreatic enzymes.
D. To trigger the release of gastrin from the G cells.
Answer: B
, Conceptual Explanation: The enterogastric reflex is triggered by chyme entering the
duodenum, signaling the stomach to slow down to allow for proper digestion and
absorption.
5. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which enzyme converts Angiotensin I
to Angiotensin II?
A. Renin
B. Aldosterone synthase
C. ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)
D. Pepsin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE, primarily found in the pulmonary capillaries, converts
Angiotensin I into the potent vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II.
6. Which type of leukocyte is typically elevated during a parasitic worm infection or an
allergic reaction?
A. Eosinophils
B. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
Answer: A
