NURS 190 EXAM 100 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027
Pericardium - ANSWER-Tougher outer layer (protects the heart & anchors it to the
adjacent structures-diaphragm & great vessels)
Myocardium - ANSWER-thick, muscular layer (called the fibrous skeleton of the
heart-Smoking leads to damage)
Endocardium - ANSWER-The inner most layer; provides an inner lining for the
chambers of the heart.
The health of the cardiovascular system gets promoted by means of self-care habits
through the life span: - ANSWER-Eating a low-fat diet, exercising & notsmoking!
point of maximal impulse - ANSWER-left 5th intercostal space midclavicular
The Apex heartbeat more easily palpated here thus this point is referred as: -
ANSWER--Apical impulse: It is the point of maximum impulse (intensity) (PMI)
-Apical pulse heard the best here
Left ventricle (LV) - ANSWER-▪Egg-shaped and most muscular chamber
▪Permits pumping of blood through aortic semilunar valve into aorta
▪The LV of a female has 10 % < mass than that of a males
,systole - ANSWER-contraction phase of the heartbeat
Diastole - ANSWER-relaxation phase of the heartbeat
Valves of the heart - ANSWER-Permit the flow of blood between chambers and
into blood vessels
Atrioventricular valves (AV) - ANSWER-located between atria and ventricles
-Tricuspid- separate the atrium from the ventricle (tricuspid lies between the R
atrium & R ventricle)
-Mitral (bicuspid)- It's thicker & separates the L atrium & L ventricle) (Its closure
produces S1)
Semilunar valves - ANSWER--Separates the ventricles from the vascular system
-Pulmonary-valve separate the R ventricle from the trunk of pulmonary arteries
-Aortic- Separates the L ventricle from the aorta
The blood flow of an individual with competent valves is mostly... - ANSWER-
unidirectional
If valves are diseased: It results in... - ANSWER-regurgitation (backflow)
, Closure of the valves increases/allows for heart sounds - ANSWER-the heart
sounds are associated with the contraction & relaxation phases of the heart
Normal heart sounds include: - ANSWER-•S1-Lub: AV valves closes (ventricle
have been filled)
•S2-Dub- Occurs when aortic & pulmonic valve close
•S3 and S4- Usually abnormal sounds; may be present in some healthy individuals.
•Systole: Phase of ventricular contraction
•Diastole: Phase of ventricular relaxation
S3 is heard... - ANSWER-after S2 and is termed a ventricular gallop (Low
frequency brief vibration)
S3 occurs... - ANSWER-when the ventricle reaches its elastic limit, rapidly
causing the blood flow from the atrium to slow
The S4 sound may also be heard... - ANSWER-in children, well-conditioned
athletes, and even healthy elderly individuals without cardiac disease.
S4 is heard... - ANSWER-before S1 and is termed an atrial gallop
S4 sounds are associated with - ANSWER-active atrial contractions that cause late
ventricular filling
ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027
Pericardium - ANSWER-Tougher outer layer (protects the heart & anchors it to the
adjacent structures-diaphragm & great vessels)
Myocardium - ANSWER-thick, muscular layer (called the fibrous skeleton of the
heart-Smoking leads to damage)
Endocardium - ANSWER-The inner most layer; provides an inner lining for the
chambers of the heart.
The health of the cardiovascular system gets promoted by means of self-care habits
through the life span: - ANSWER-Eating a low-fat diet, exercising & notsmoking!
point of maximal impulse - ANSWER-left 5th intercostal space midclavicular
The Apex heartbeat more easily palpated here thus this point is referred as: -
ANSWER--Apical impulse: It is the point of maximum impulse (intensity) (PMI)
-Apical pulse heard the best here
Left ventricle (LV) - ANSWER-▪Egg-shaped and most muscular chamber
▪Permits pumping of blood through aortic semilunar valve into aorta
▪The LV of a female has 10 % < mass than that of a males
,systole - ANSWER-contraction phase of the heartbeat
Diastole - ANSWER-relaxation phase of the heartbeat
Valves of the heart - ANSWER-Permit the flow of blood between chambers and
into blood vessels
Atrioventricular valves (AV) - ANSWER-located between atria and ventricles
-Tricuspid- separate the atrium from the ventricle (tricuspid lies between the R
atrium & R ventricle)
-Mitral (bicuspid)- It's thicker & separates the L atrium & L ventricle) (Its closure
produces S1)
Semilunar valves - ANSWER--Separates the ventricles from the vascular system
-Pulmonary-valve separate the R ventricle from the trunk of pulmonary arteries
-Aortic- Separates the L ventricle from the aorta
The blood flow of an individual with competent valves is mostly... - ANSWER-
unidirectional
If valves are diseased: It results in... - ANSWER-regurgitation (backflow)
, Closure of the valves increases/allows for heart sounds - ANSWER-the heart
sounds are associated with the contraction & relaxation phases of the heart
Normal heart sounds include: - ANSWER-•S1-Lub: AV valves closes (ventricle
have been filled)
•S2-Dub- Occurs when aortic & pulmonic valve close
•S3 and S4- Usually abnormal sounds; may be present in some healthy individuals.
•Systole: Phase of ventricular contraction
•Diastole: Phase of ventricular relaxation
S3 is heard... - ANSWER-after S2 and is termed a ventricular gallop (Low
frequency brief vibration)
S3 occurs... - ANSWER-when the ventricle reaches its elastic limit, rapidly
causing the blood flow from the atrium to slow
The S4 sound may also be heard... - ANSWER-in children, well-conditioned
athletes, and even healthy elderly individuals without cardiac disease.
S4 is heard... - ANSWER-before S1 and is termed an atrial gallop
S4 sounds are associated with - ANSWER-active atrial contractions that cause late
ventricular filling
