BIOD 152 LAB 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
AND HORMONE REGULATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
1. Which of the following embryonic structures gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland?
A. Neuroectodermal bud
B. Rathke’s pouch
C. Diencephalon
D. Infundibulum
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) develops from
Rathke’s pouch, an upward invagination of the oral ectoderm, whereas the posterior
pituitary develops from the neuroectodermal bud.
2. Which hormone is synthesized by the hypothalamus but released by the posterior
pituitary?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. Growth hormone
,D. Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ADH and Oxytocin are synthesized in the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary.
3. The secondary messenger cAMP is primarily used by which class of hormones?
A. Amino-acid derived (Water-soluble) hormones
B. Thyroid hormones
C. Steroid hormones
D. Lipid-soluble hormones
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane and
must bind to surface receptors, triggering a second messenger system like cAMP.
4. What is the specific physiological effect of Aldosterone secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa?
A. Increased blood calcium levels
B. Conversion of glycogen to glucose
C. Increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
D. Inhibition of inflammatory responses
Answer: C
, Conceptual Explanation: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that acts on the kidneys to
conserve sodium and water, effectively increasing blood volume and pressure.
5. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult after the epiphyseal plates have closed
results in:
A. Gigantism
B. Dwarfism
C. Cretinism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Excess GH in adulthood leads to acromegaly (enlarged hands,
feet, and facial bones), whereas excess GH in childhood leads to gigantism.
6. Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for secreting Glucagon?
A. Beta cells
B. F cells
C. Delta cells
D. Alpha cells
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Alpha cells produce glucagon (to raise blood glucose), while
Beta cells produce insulin (to lower blood glucose).
AND HORMONE REGULATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
1. Which of the following embryonic structures gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland?
A. Neuroectodermal bud
B. Rathke’s pouch
C. Diencephalon
D. Infundibulum
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) develops from
Rathke’s pouch, an upward invagination of the oral ectoderm, whereas the posterior
pituitary develops from the neuroectodermal bud.
2. Which hormone is synthesized by the hypothalamus but released by the posterior
pituitary?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. Growth hormone
,D. Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ADH and Oxytocin are synthesized in the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary.
3. The secondary messenger cAMP is primarily used by which class of hormones?
A. Amino-acid derived (Water-soluble) hormones
B. Thyroid hormones
C. Steroid hormones
D. Lipid-soluble hormones
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane and
must bind to surface receptors, triggering a second messenger system like cAMP.
4. What is the specific physiological effect of Aldosterone secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa?
A. Increased blood calcium levels
B. Conversion of glycogen to glucose
C. Increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
D. Inhibition of inflammatory responses
Answer: C
, Conceptual Explanation: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that acts on the kidneys to
conserve sodium and water, effectively increasing blood volume and pressure.
5. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult after the epiphyseal plates have closed
results in:
A. Gigantism
B. Dwarfism
C. Cretinism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Excess GH in adulthood leads to acromegaly (enlarged hands,
feet, and facial bones), whereas excess GH in childhood leads to gigantism.
6. Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for secreting Glucagon?
A. Beta cells
B. F cells
C. Delta cells
D. Alpha cells
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Alpha cells produce glucagon (to raise blood glucose), while
Beta cells produce insulin (to lower blood glucose).
