NSG 4100 EXAM 1-3 PRACTICE QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027
How do you diagnose esrd? - answer-gfr <15 ml/min
What is the hallmark sign of esrd? - answer-uremia
What is uremia? - answer-high urea and other waste products in the blood
What often happens with uremia? - answer-azotemia
What is azotemia? - answer-increase in nitrogenous waste in blood
S&s of uremia - answer--uremic frost
-weakness
-metallic taste
-muscle cramps
-weight loss
S&s of esrd - answer--uremia & azotemia
-anemia
-bone disease
-hypertension
-hypervolemia
,-oliguria/ anuria
-metabolic acidosis
-imbalanced electrolytes
-pericarditis & pericardial effusion
-uremic factor (urine breath)
-jvd
People with esrd are put on what precautions? - answer-bleeding precautions
Labs for esrd - answer--elevated bun
-elevated creatinine
-elevated mg
-elevated potassium
-elevated phos
-elevated sodium
-low calcium
What is the goal of treatment for esrd? - answer-maintain current function and
homeostasis
Nursing management for esrd - answer--monitor fluid status (weight, edema)
-renal diet
-supplements
-emotional support
-education and monitoring
,What does a renal diet consist of? - answer--regulate protein (white meat, 35-
45g/day)
-limit potassium (no bananas, potatoes, grapefruit, pumpkin, leafy greens, fruit and
veg juice)
-limit phos (no organ meats, nuts, beans, pork, seafood, colas)
-limit sodium (nothing canned or processed)
-increased calcium (milk yes but no processed dairies bc phos)
-limit fluid intake
-no salt substitutes
What do you need to educate your patient on when they have esrd - answer--signs
of sepsis
-use of steroids
-dialysis access/ considerations/ complications (no lab sticks, tight clothes or bp on
fistula or graft)
What happens if you begin to hear any extra heart sounds on a patient with esrd? -
answer-get pt off fluids!
What will not help with the pain associated with esrd? - answer-antacids (no tums
only sodium bicarbonate)
What are the three different types of dialysis? - answer--peritoneal dialysis
-hemodialysis
-crrt
What happens to labs and vital signs after hemodialysis? - answer--everything
stabilizes and are back in normal ranges except bun and creatinine
, -bun and creatinine lower significantly but can still not be normal
What acid base imbalance are people with esrd in? - answer-metabolic acidosis
How do dialysis patients correct metabolic acidosis? - answer--increased
bicarbonate in dialysate fluid
-oral sodium bicarbonate
What is a complication of peritoneal dialysis? - answer-peritonitis
What should the drainage look like from peritoneal dialysis? - answer--clear and
yellow
-cloudy is a sign of infection
Patients who are on peritoneal dialysis are able to do dialysis at home as long as
what? - answer-they understand sterile and asepsis
Can peritoneal dialysis be done overnight? - answer-yes, they can be hooked up to
a machine that does it over 12 hours
If you cant get the dialysate to drain what should you do? - answer-reposition
patient
When is crrt indicated? - answer-when a patient has esrd with other issues or
complications which makes them considered unstable
How long is crrt administered? - answer-24/7
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027
How do you diagnose esrd? - answer-gfr <15 ml/min
What is the hallmark sign of esrd? - answer-uremia
What is uremia? - answer-high urea and other waste products in the blood
What often happens with uremia? - answer-azotemia
What is azotemia? - answer-increase in nitrogenous waste in blood
S&s of uremia - answer--uremic frost
-weakness
-metallic taste
-muscle cramps
-weight loss
S&s of esrd - answer--uremia & azotemia
-anemia
-bone disease
-hypertension
-hypervolemia
,-oliguria/ anuria
-metabolic acidosis
-imbalanced electrolytes
-pericarditis & pericardial effusion
-uremic factor (urine breath)
-jvd
People with esrd are put on what precautions? - answer-bleeding precautions
Labs for esrd - answer--elevated bun
-elevated creatinine
-elevated mg
-elevated potassium
-elevated phos
-elevated sodium
-low calcium
What is the goal of treatment for esrd? - answer-maintain current function and
homeostasis
Nursing management for esrd - answer--monitor fluid status (weight, edema)
-renal diet
-supplements
-emotional support
-education and monitoring
,What does a renal diet consist of? - answer--regulate protein (white meat, 35-
45g/day)
-limit potassium (no bananas, potatoes, grapefruit, pumpkin, leafy greens, fruit and
veg juice)
-limit phos (no organ meats, nuts, beans, pork, seafood, colas)
-limit sodium (nothing canned or processed)
-increased calcium (milk yes but no processed dairies bc phos)
-limit fluid intake
-no salt substitutes
What do you need to educate your patient on when they have esrd - answer--signs
of sepsis
-use of steroids
-dialysis access/ considerations/ complications (no lab sticks, tight clothes or bp on
fistula or graft)
What happens if you begin to hear any extra heart sounds on a patient with esrd? -
answer-get pt off fluids!
What will not help with the pain associated with esrd? - answer-antacids (no tums
only sodium bicarbonate)
What are the three different types of dialysis? - answer--peritoneal dialysis
-hemodialysis
-crrt
What happens to labs and vital signs after hemodialysis? - answer--everything
stabilizes and are back in normal ranges except bun and creatinine
, -bun and creatinine lower significantly but can still not be normal
What acid base imbalance are people with esrd in? - answer-metabolic acidosis
How do dialysis patients correct metabolic acidosis? - answer--increased
bicarbonate in dialysate fluid
-oral sodium bicarbonate
What is a complication of peritoneal dialysis? - answer-peritonitis
What should the drainage look like from peritoneal dialysis? - answer--clear and
yellow
-cloudy is a sign of infection
Patients who are on peritoneal dialysis are able to do dialysis at home as long as
what? - answer-they understand sterile and asepsis
Can peritoneal dialysis be done overnight? - answer-yes, they can be hooked up to
a machine that does it over 12 hours
If you cant get the dialysate to drain what should you do? - answer-reposition
patient
When is crrt indicated? - answer-when a patient has esrd with other issues or
complications which makes them considered unstable
How long is crrt administered? - answer-24/7
