NSG 1020 MED SURGE EXAM 190 QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027
What is holistic nursing care?
Care that treats the whole person—body, mind, and spirit—while respecting
cultural, emotional, and physical needs.
What is client-centered care?
Care that focuses on the client's values, preferences, and active participation in
decisions.
What is evidence-based practice?
The integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences to guide care.
What are the 5 rights of delegation?
Right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction/communication, right
supervision/evaluation.
What is the nurse's role in client advocacy?
Protect the patient's rights and ensure informed decisions about treatment.
What is the role of OT in patient care?
Assist clients with fine-motor skills and home safety adaptations for daily living.
What are therapeutic communication techniques?
Active listening, open-ended questions, restating, reflecting, clarifying, and
empathy.
What is an example of non-therapeutic communication?
Giving unsolicited advice or changing the subject.
What are the two main types of pain?
,Acute and chronic.
What is referred pain?
Pain perceived at a site different from the origin.
How is pain assessed?
Using scales (0-10 Numeric, Wong-Baker, FLACC) and by assessing location,
duration, quality, and intensity.
What are physiologic signs of acute pain?
Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, anxiety.
What are non-pharmacologic pain interventions?
Relaxation, massage, repositioning, heat/cold therapy, distraction.
What are pharmacologic pain interventions?
Non-opioids, opioids, and adjuvant medications.
When should opioids be given for chronic pain?
On a regular schedule (around-the-clock) rather than PRN.
What is the difference between opioids and benzodiazepines?
Opioids relieve pain; benzodiazepines treat anxiety—together they increase risk of
respiratory depression.
What is tolerance?
The need for increasing doses to achieve the same effect.
What is dependence?
Physical adaptation requiring continued drug use to prevent withdrawal.
What is addiction?
Psychological craving or compulsive drug use for effects rather than relief.
What are nursing responsibilities for pain management?
Assess pain frequently, evaluate response, and advocate for adequate relief.
What is the pharmacologic treatment for neuropathic pain?
, Anticonvulsants (gabapentin) or antidepressants.
What is the nurse's responsibility with IV therapy?
Maintain patency, assess for complications, and document site condition.
What are signs of IV infiltration?
Cool, swollen site and slowed infusion.
What are signs of phlebitis?
Redness, warmth, tenderness, streaking along vein.
What is fluid volume deficit (dehydration)?
Loss of water and electrolytes causing decreased vascular volume.
What are symptoms of dehydration?
Weak pulse, low BP, dry mucous membranes, poor turgor.
What is fluid volume excess?
Too much fluid in circulation (overhydration).
What are symptoms of fluid overload?
Edema, crackles, bounding pulse, hypertension, weight gain.
How is fluid overload treated?
Diuretics, fluid restriction, daily weights.
What foods are high in potassium?
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach.
What foods are high in sodium?
Processed meats, canned soups, cheese.
What are manifestations of hypokalemia?
Muscle weakness, arrhythmias, flattened T waves.
What are manifestations of hyperkalemia?
peak T waves, bradycardia, cardiac arrest risk.
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027
What is holistic nursing care?
Care that treats the whole person—body, mind, and spirit—while respecting
cultural, emotional, and physical needs.
What is client-centered care?
Care that focuses on the client's values, preferences, and active participation in
decisions.
What is evidence-based practice?
The integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences to guide care.
What are the 5 rights of delegation?
Right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction/communication, right
supervision/evaluation.
What is the nurse's role in client advocacy?
Protect the patient's rights and ensure informed decisions about treatment.
What is the role of OT in patient care?
Assist clients with fine-motor skills and home safety adaptations for daily living.
What are therapeutic communication techniques?
Active listening, open-ended questions, restating, reflecting, clarifying, and
empathy.
What is an example of non-therapeutic communication?
Giving unsolicited advice or changing the subject.
What are the two main types of pain?
,Acute and chronic.
What is referred pain?
Pain perceived at a site different from the origin.
How is pain assessed?
Using scales (0-10 Numeric, Wong-Baker, FLACC) and by assessing location,
duration, quality, and intensity.
What are physiologic signs of acute pain?
Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, anxiety.
What are non-pharmacologic pain interventions?
Relaxation, massage, repositioning, heat/cold therapy, distraction.
What are pharmacologic pain interventions?
Non-opioids, opioids, and adjuvant medications.
When should opioids be given for chronic pain?
On a regular schedule (around-the-clock) rather than PRN.
What is the difference between opioids and benzodiazepines?
Opioids relieve pain; benzodiazepines treat anxiety—together they increase risk of
respiratory depression.
What is tolerance?
The need for increasing doses to achieve the same effect.
What is dependence?
Physical adaptation requiring continued drug use to prevent withdrawal.
What is addiction?
Psychological craving or compulsive drug use for effects rather than relief.
What are nursing responsibilities for pain management?
Assess pain frequently, evaluate response, and advocate for adequate relief.
What is the pharmacologic treatment for neuropathic pain?
, Anticonvulsants (gabapentin) or antidepressants.
What is the nurse's responsibility with IV therapy?
Maintain patency, assess for complications, and document site condition.
What are signs of IV infiltration?
Cool, swollen site and slowed infusion.
What are signs of phlebitis?
Redness, warmth, tenderness, streaking along vein.
What is fluid volume deficit (dehydration)?
Loss of water and electrolytes causing decreased vascular volume.
What are symptoms of dehydration?
Weak pulse, low BP, dry mucous membranes, poor turgor.
What is fluid volume excess?
Too much fluid in circulation (overhydration).
What are symptoms of fluid overload?
Edema, crackles, bounding pulse, hypertension, weight gain.
How is fluid overload treated?
Diuretics, fluid restriction, daily weights.
What foods are high in potassium?
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach.
What foods are high in sodium?
Processed meats, canned soups, cheese.
What are manifestations of hypokalemia?
Muscle weakness, arrhythmias, flattened T waves.
What are manifestations of hyperkalemia?
peak T waves, bradycardia, cardiac arrest risk.
