NURS 5461 BUNDLED TESTS VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Thiazides diuretics for hypertension.
Answer: Increases excretion of Na+ and water follows
Caution in gout or hyperlipidemia
May increase lipids in high doses
Most patients
Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5-25 mg daily
Reduces urinary calcium, may prevent stone recurrence
⩥ Loop diuretics for hypertension.
Answer: Used in patients with renal insufficiency
May cause increase calcium loss, leading to osteoporosis
Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide
⩥ K+ sparing diuretics for hypertension.
Answer: Blocks aldosterone effects
Cautious use in renal
insufficiency
,Has anti-androgen effects
Spironolactone & Eplerenone
Pearl—Aldactone is often 3rd or 4th drug add-on to control BP, which it
achieves very nicely
⩥ Diuretic sites of action.
Answer:
⩥ ACE Inhibitors.
Answer: Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to II
Lower peripheral vascular resistance and BP
No reflex stimulation of heart rate and contractility
Has been preferred in diabetes, MI, HF
Reduce morbidity and mortality in HF and MI
Retard progression of diabetic renal disease and hypertensive
nephrosclerosis
Not in renovascular dz or pregnancy
Pick a "pril"
⩥ Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.
Answer: Blocks action of angiotensin II
Used in HF, DM
,NOT in pregnancy or renovascular dz
Oral fluconazole interrupts conversion of losartan to active form
If patient can not tolerate ACEI proceed to ARB
"artans"
Equally effective for CV and renal outcomes
⩥ Do you ever give ACE inhibitors and ARB together.
Answer: NO, never give together
⩥ Central Acting Agents for Hypertension.
Answer: Work at the CNS level to control BP
Clonidine, Aldomet
Excessive sleepiness, fatigue,
BP rebound
Start dosing at bedtime
Beers List Med
⩥ Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle
cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for
oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the
blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris,
some arrhythmias, and hypertension
, Widely variable affects on heart
Muscle, sinus node, AV conduction, peripheral arteries, and coronary
circulation
Dihydropyridines—dilate arteries
Non-dihyro—less arterial dilation but reduce HR and contractility
Inhibit calcium passage
Relaxes vessel wall
Causes constipation and pedal edema in some patients
⩥ What are the two types of Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: Dihydropyridines- nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine,
felodipine, isradipine, nitrendipine
Non-dihydropyridines - Phenylalkylamines—Verapamil,
Benzothiazepines, Diltiazem
⩥ Which calcium channel blockers do you not combine with a beta
blocker.
Answer: DO NOT combine non-dihydro with a beta blocker
⩥ What is the only calcium channel blocker approved for HF.
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Thiazides diuretics for hypertension.
Answer: Increases excretion of Na+ and water follows
Caution in gout or hyperlipidemia
May increase lipids in high doses
Most patients
Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5-25 mg daily
Reduces urinary calcium, may prevent stone recurrence
⩥ Loop diuretics for hypertension.
Answer: Used in patients with renal insufficiency
May cause increase calcium loss, leading to osteoporosis
Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide
⩥ K+ sparing diuretics for hypertension.
Answer: Blocks aldosterone effects
Cautious use in renal
insufficiency
,Has anti-androgen effects
Spironolactone & Eplerenone
Pearl—Aldactone is often 3rd or 4th drug add-on to control BP, which it
achieves very nicely
⩥ Diuretic sites of action.
Answer:
⩥ ACE Inhibitors.
Answer: Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to II
Lower peripheral vascular resistance and BP
No reflex stimulation of heart rate and contractility
Has been preferred in diabetes, MI, HF
Reduce morbidity and mortality in HF and MI
Retard progression of diabetic renal disease and hypertensive
nephrosclerosis
Not in renovascular dz or pregnancy
Pick a "pril"
⩥ Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.
Answer: Blocks action of angiotensin II
Used in HF, DM
,NOT in pregnancy or renovascular dz
Oral fluconazole interrupts conversion of losartan to active form
If patient can not tolerate ACEI proceed to ARB
"artans"
Equally effective for CV and renal outcomes
⩥ Do you ever give ACE inhibitors and ARB together.
Answer: NO, never give together
⩥ Central Acting Agents for Hypertension.
Answer: Work at the CNS level to control BP
Clonidine, Aldomet
Excessive sleepiness, fatigue,
BP rebound
Start dosing at bedtime
Beers List Med
⩥ Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle
cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for
oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the
blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris,
some arrhythmias, and hypertension
, Widely variable affects on heart
Muscle, sinus node, AV conduction, peripheral arteries, and coronary
circulation
Dihydropyridines—dilate arteries
Non-dihyro—less arterial dilation but reduce HR and contractility
Inhibit calcium passage
Relaxes vessel wall
Causes constipation and pedal edema in some patients
⩥ What are the two types of Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: Dihydropyridines- nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine,
felodipine, isradipine, nitrendipine
Non-dihydropyridines - Phenylalkylamines—Verapamil,
Benzothiazepines, Diltiazem
⩥ Which calcium channel blockers do you not combine with a beta
blocker.
Answer: DO NOT combine non-dihydro with a beta blocker
⩥ What is the only calcium channel blocker approved for HF.
