APEA QBank Comprehensive Nurse Practitioner EXAM
2026-2027 LATEST UPDATED VERSION 280 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS JUST RELEASED
Which of the following actions triggers a rise in membrane or action potential of a cell?
A. Opening of the voltage gated sodium ions
B. Closure of voltage gated sodium ions
C. Opening of calcium ion channel
D. Opening of potassium voltage gated channels - answer>>A. Opening of the voltage gated
sodium ions
Before stimulation, a cell has a slightly negative electric charge (compared with ECF). Outside is
more positively charged. When stimulus is encountered, sodium ion channel opens and sodium
rushes into the cell, causing depolarization (rise in membrane/action potential)
The process by which a drug's activity is altered in order to prepare it for excretion: -
answer>>biotransformation
The amino acid found in dairy products, fish, and eggs is tyrosine. The amino acid from which
tyrosine is made is: - answer>>phenylalanine.
People take tyrosine to help manage depression, ADD, ADHD, narcolepsy, and to improve
alertness following sleep deprivation
The correct order of the transmission of a neurotransmitter is presynaptic preparation followed
by: - answer>>arrival of action potential, release of transmitter, receptor interaction, and the
termination of transmitter action
In the pharmacokinetics of a drug, the rate of metabolism: - answer>>varies widely between
patients, influenced by genetic and environment factors-->major reason for differences in
plasma concentration of some drugs after a standard dose, leading to a wide variation in drug
response
,Metabolism: - answer>>process by which drugs are chemically changes from a lipid-soluble form
suitable for absorption and distribution to a more water-soluble form that is suitable for
excretion
The protein-bound part of a drug is: - answer>>Inactive and acts as a reservoir
Activation of alpha-1 receptors does NOT:
A. cause vasoconstriction
B. cause mydriasis
C. increase closure of the internal bladder sphincter
D. inhibit insulin release - answer>>D. inhibit insulin release
Alpha-1 receptors primarily mediate smooth muscle constriction (vasoconstriction, mydriasis,
closure of internal bladder sphincter, secretion from salivary and sweat glands, sodium
reabsorption from kidneys, contraction of urinary bladder)
The term that describes the movement of a drug among parts of the body: -
answer>>distribution
Correct sequence of movement of drug through the body: - answer>>absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
The process by which the body breaks down and converts a medication into active chemical
substances - answer>>metabolism
Neurotransmitters are considered:
A. Chemical substances
B. electrical impulses
,C. vesicles
D. nerve endings - answer>>chemical substances
What is an example of an inhibitory NT? - answer>>glycine
What are examples of excitatory NTs? - answer>>acetylcholine, dopamine, NE
The ion that is most critical in the release of the NT from the presynaptic neuron -
answer>>Calcium
Calcium is responsible for release of NT--when action potential reaches terminal buttons,
depolarization causes voltage-dependent calcium channels on the presynaptic membrane to
open and calcium enters the cell.
In preparation for an action potential, synthesis of the NT occurs during the:
A. arrival of an action potential
B. release of the transmitter
C. presynaptic preparation
D. receptor interaction - answer>>C. presynaptic preparation
Therapeutic indices of a drug should be determined from a serum sample obtained during:
A. distribution phase
B. metabolism phase
C. after two half-lives of the drug
D. at steady state of the drug - answer>>D. at steady state of the drug
If a 100 mg drug is administered and has a half-life of 6 hours, the percentage of the drug that
will be in the system 18 hours later is: - answer>>12.5%
, Process by which cells ingest ECF and its contents, including protein-bound meds: -
answer>>Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis in the ingestion of surrounding fluids. Phagocytosis involves ingestion of solid
material. Both are types of ENDOCYTOSIS
Which of the following is NOT a plasma protein that binds to medications?
A. transcobalamin
B. lipoproteins
C. albumin
D. gamma globulins - answer>>D. gamma globulins--while they are plasma proteins, they do not
biond to drugs.
Most common method by which drugs are chemically altered within the liver is:
A. electrolysis
B. oxidation
C. reduction
D. hydrolysis - answer>>oxidation
Which of the following is considered an inhibitory NT?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Glycine
NE - answer>>glycine
2026-2027 LATEST UPDATED VERSION 280 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS JUST RELEASED
Which of the following actions triggers a rise in membrane or action potential of a cell?
A. Opening of the voltage gated sodium ions
B. Closure of voltage gated sodium ions
C. Opening of calcium ion channel
D. Opening of potassium voltage gated channels - answer>>A. Opening of the voltage gated
sodium ions
Before stimulation, a cell has a slightly negative electric charge (compared with ECF). Outside is
more positively charged. When stimulus is encountered, sodium ion channel opens and sodium
rushes into the cell, causing depolarization (rise in membrane/action potential)
The process by which a drug's activity is altered in order to prepare it for excretion: -
answer>>biotransformation
The amino acid found in dairy products, fish, and eggs is tyrosine. The amino acid from which
tyrosine is made is: - answer>>phenylalanine.
People take tyrosine to help manage depression, ADD, ADHD, narcolepsy, and to improve
alertness following sleep deprivation
The correct order of the transmission of a neurotransmitter is presynaptic preparation followed
by: - answer>>arrival of action potential, release of transmitter, receptor interaction, and the
termination of transmitter action
In the pharmacokinetics of a drug, the rate of metabolism: - answer>>varies widely between
patients, influenced by genetic and environment factors-->major reason for differences in
plasma concentration of some drugs after a standard dose, leading to a wide variation in drug
response
,Metabolism: - answer>>process by which drugs are chemically changes from a lipid-soluble form
suitable for absorption and distribution to a more water-soluble form that is suitable for
excretion
The protein-bound part of a drug is: - answer>>Inactive and acts as a reservoir
Activation of alpha-1 receptors does NOT:
A. cause vasoconstriction
B. cause mydriasis
C. increase closure of the internal bladder sphincter
D. inhibit insulin release - answer>>D. inhibit insulin release
Alpha-1 receptors primarily mediate smooth muscle constriction (vasoconstriction, mydriasis,
closure of internal bladder sphincter, secretion from salivary and sweat glands, sodium
reabsorption from kidneys, contraction of urinary bladder)
The term that describes the movement of a drug among parts of the body: -
answer>>distribution
Correct sequence of movement of drug through the body: - answer>>absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
The process by which the body breaks down and converts a medication into active chemical
substances - answer>>metabolism
Neurotransmitters are considered:
A. Chemical substances
B. electrical impulses
,C. vesicles
D. nerve endings - answer>>chemical substances
What is an example of an inhibitory NT? - answer>>glycine
What are examples of excitatory NTs? - answer>>acetylcholine, dopamine, NE
The ion that is most critical in the release of the NT from the presynaptic neuron -
answer>>Calcium
Calcium is responsible for release of NT--when action potential reaches terminal buttons,
depolarization causes voltage-dependent calcium channels on the presynaptic membrane to
open and calcium enters the cell.
In preparation for an action potential, synthesis of the NT occurs during the:
A. arrival of an action potential
B. release of the transmitter
C. presynaptic preparation
D. receptor interaction - answer>>C. presynaptic preparation
Therapeutic indices of a drug should be determined from a serum sample obtained during:
A. distribution phase
B. metabolism phase
C. after two half-lives of the drug
D. at steady state of the drug - answer>>D. at steady state of the drug
If a 100 mg drug is administered and has a half-life of 6 hours, the percentage of the drug that
will be in the system 18 hours later is: - answer>>12.5%
, Process by which cells ingest ECF and its contents, including protein-bound meds: -
answer>>Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis in the ingestion of surrounding fluids. Phagocytosis involves ingestion of solid
material. Both are types of ENDOCYTOSIS
Which of the following is NOT a plasma protein that binds to medications?
A. transcobalamin
B. lipoproteins
C. albumin
D. gamma globulins - answer>>D. gamma globulins--while they are plasma proteins, they do not
biond to drugs.
Most common method by which drugs are chemically altered within the liver is:
A. electrolysis
B. oxidation
C. reduction
D. hydrolysis - answer>>oxidation
Which of the following is considered an inhibitory NT?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Glycine
NE - answer>>glycine
